Human Anatomy And Physiology 8/e

Front 1

sarcomere

Back 1

smallest functional unit of muscle tissue

Front 2

myofibril

Back 2

a series of sarcomeres, several myofibrils are contained within one muscle fiber

Front 3

muscle fiber

Back 3

one muscle tissue cell

Front 4

fascicle

Back 4

bundle of muscle fibers

Front 5

muscle

Back 5

several fascicles in one muscle

Front 6

myosin

Back 6

thick filaments

Front 7

actin

Back 7

thin filaments

Front 8

z line to z line

Back 8

sarcomere

Front 9

titin

Back 9

connects m line to z line, main component of muscle tone

Front 10

muscle tone

Back 10

resting tension, resistance to passive movement

Front 11

passive tension

Back 11

produced by passive stretch

Front 12

active tension

Back 12

produced by muscle contraction

Front 13

total tension

Back 13

add passive to active

Front 14

active insufficiency

Back 14

muscle not able to generate as much force in a lengthened or shortened position. most noticeable in two joint muscles

Front 15

two joint muscles

Back 15

muscle that crosses two joints / hamstrings

Front 16

passive insufficiency

Back 16

motion of a joint may be limited by the length of a two joint muscles because it is unable to stretch across both joints

Front 17

active

Back 17

contraction

Front 18

passive

Back 18

stretch

Front 19

strap

Back 19

muscle fibers parallel to tendon long and straight narrow

Front 20

fusiform

Back 20

muscle fibers parallel to tendon bulbus - biceps

Front 21

rhomboidal

Back 21

muscle fibers parallel to tendon short and wide

Front 22

triangular

Back 22

muscle fibers parallel to tendon broom shaped petoralis major

Front 23

unipennate

Back 23

muscle fibers oblique to tendon looks like a feather semi membranous

Front 24

bipennate

Back 24

muscle fibers oblique to tendon looks like a fan dorsal interossei

Front 25

multipennate

Back 25

muscle fibers oblique to tendons more than one tendon deltoid

Front 26

multipennate

Back 26

muscle fibers oblique to tendons more than one tendon deltoid

Front 27

agonist

Back 27

main muscle used to produce movement

Front 28

antagonist

Back 28

muscle that oppose the movement of the agonist

Front 29

synergist

Back 29

muscle that assist the action of the agonist

Front 30

fixators

Back 30

muscles that stabilize proximally to allow the agonist to work effectively distally

Front 31

type I muscle fiber

Back 31

slow twitch red, for endurance

Front 32

type IIA muscle fiber

Back 32

fast twitch red, can be trained to be like I or IIB

Front 33

type IIB muscle fiber

Back 33

fast twitch white, for power

Front 34

muscle spindles

Back 34

parallel to muscle fibers, detect changes in length and speed of length change, important for proprioception

Front 35

static proprioception

Back 35

non-moving

Front 36

dynamic proprioception

Back 36

movement

Front 37

golgi tendon organs

Back 37

located in tendon at both insertion and origin, detect changes in tension, autogenic inhibition

Front 38

paresis

Back 38

muscle weakness / partial paralysis

Front 39

paralysis

Back 39

complete loss of muscle function

Front 40

hemiplegia

Back 40

partial or complete loss of muscle function on one side of the body

Front 41

paraplegia

Back 41

paralysis of all or some or the muscles of the trunk and LE

Front 42

tetraplegia / quadraplegia

Back 42

paralysis of the trunk and LE and some or all of the UE

Front 43

atrophy

Back 43

loss of muscle mass due to lack of use or innervation