Hum201 - Exam 3 - Part 1 - Rome

Front 1

When was rome founded?

Back 1

753BC, the olympics 776BC

Front 2

Who was Romulus and Remus?

Back 2

sons of Mars / born in village (Lavinium) found by Aeneas (1200)

Front 3

Who claims to be the founder of Rome?

Back 3

Troy

Front 4

Who was Aeneas?

Back 4

He left Troy and shipwrecked in Africa / He met Queen Dido

Front 5

What are some more details about Romulus and Remus?

Back 5

They were placed in a basket and set adrift on a river / Found and raised by a wolf (Pecos Bill)

Front 6

What did Romulus and Remus do when they were older?

Back 6

They raided the rich like Robin Hood

Front 7

What happen in the fight between Romulus and Remus?

Back 7

The younger one is killed like Cain and Abel / Fought over a wall

Front 8

Who became the king of Rome?

Back 8

Romulus / gathered people around him

Front 9

Why did Romulus attack Sabines

Back 9

For wives / stole men's wifes called 7 brides

Front 10

What was citizenship like in Rome?

Back 10

Given to all men, not just one group / no ethnic elitism / no racism / equality for all

Front 11

Who were the Etruscans?

Back 11

we know little about them 1300 - 500 BC

Front 12

Where were the Etruscans from?

Back 12

Turkey / very advanced culture / language like no other

Front 13

Greek early influence on Rome

Back 13

They were the same as Etruscans but were a superior culture / Seen as EFFETE SNOBS / Rome thought they were wimps

Front 14

What was romes early moral outlook?

Back 14

They had a duty to the state above all which is opposite of Greeks / Hard working, thrift, honest / won't give up

Front 15

When Greece was in her Golden Age, Rome was…?

Back 15

already a strong power

Front 16

When was the Republic?

Back 16

500BC - 133BC

Front 17

What was society in the Republic?

Back 17

Patricians (aristocracy 10%) and Plebeians (common people)

Front 18

What were the two consuls?

Back 18

Senate were Patricians and Assembly were Plebeians

Front 19

How long were the consuls elected?

Back 19

one year to avoid damage and a senate of 300 members all Patricians

Front 20

What were dictators in the republic?

Back 20

Army commander in chiefs (Julius) and TRIBUNES representatives of the plebeians

Front 21

How big was a legion?

Back 21

4,000 - 6,000 men, 6 tribunes/legions

Front 22

What was the Plebeian Revold?

Back 22

470BC / Plebes complain

Front 23

What was the Republic governement like?

Back 23

450 BC - Adopted Law of the 12 Tables, imposed strict Roman views

Front 24

What was the Father's role in the Republic?

Back 24

Only the father is educated very little / very family oriented, religion of the hearth,home / Father chooses bride

Front 25

How were children in the Republic?

Back 25

Punished by family, not state / harsh discipline - keep your own house In order

Front 26

Common people were two things?

Back 26

Either soldier or a farmer

Front 27

Determination in the Republic?

Back 27

VERY determined, never gave up and wore out enenimies

Front 28

State's industry

Back 28

No industry, no commerce / no learning / needed no learning

Front 29

Who was Alexander?

Back 29

330 BC / consquers the known world but dies 323

Front 30

What was Alexander's legacy?

Back 30

Undermines each culture he conquers, leaves some of his own men in each city for guidance and culture / Library in Alexandria Egypt 700,000 books

Front 31

Conlusion of the Republic?

Back 31

Entire world is unsettled, easy for Roman take over

Front 32

What were the Punic Wars?

Back 32

Pirates start a war - Carthage vs. Rome

Front 33

What was Carthage?

Back 33

275BC/ master merchant of the Med / more refined and advanced than Rome / Founded 800BC by Phoenicians (Philistines) / worship Baal / sacrafice 1st born

Front 34

Pirates start the Punic War

Back 34

Small band of Greeks moved to Sicily and became pirates / Greeks send small band to clean it up / Pirates seek help from both Rome and Carthage

Front 35

More details of Punic War

Back 35

War breaks out when Carthage is #1 power in Med sends an army with elephants to clean up pirates / scares Romans and they send a legion / war breaks out and lasts 20 years

Front 36

Punic war more details 2

Back 36

Early stages Rome loses / Rome has no navy

Front 37

Roman ships in the Punic war?

Back 37

Needed ships / found a wreck and copied it / built 120 in 60 days / won war / Carthage must pay Sicily $2.5 million

Front 38

202BC Carthage Rebuilds?

Back 38

Hannibal in Spain leads men over the Alps / conquers all Italy but not Rome / Rome attacks Carthage / Hannibal returns and loses / Carthage must pay all of Europe possessions and $1 million/ year tribute

Front 39

What happens when Carthage rebuilds third time?

Back 39

50 years later / worries Rome / Rome declares war and city is razed and ground is salted / 149 -146BC

Front 40

Rome adds more land? - Greece

Back 40

King of Greece (Macedonia) sided with Carthage, so Rome conquers Greece too

Front 41

Rome adds more land? - Egypt

Back 41

Rome adds Egypt - Cleopatra much later 31BC - Courted by Julius have son

Front 42

ROME 100BC ?

Back 42

controls all which borders the Mediterranean

Front 43

Change in Rome 1

Back 43

Many more slaves / replace machines / techno retrogress

Front 44

Change in Rome 2

Back 44

Decline of the smaller farmer

Front 45

Change in Rome 3

Back 45

Growing city mob / politicians see chance to buy votes - start bread and circuses - 80% of city on welfare

Front 46

Change in Rome 4

Back 46

rising middle class (only two classes before)

Front 47

Change in Rome 5

Back 47

increase in luxury - HUGE sums of money lead to MORAL DECLINE - middle class Las Vegas / corrupt government

Front 48

Change in Rome 6

Back 48

Complete SOCIAL REVOLUTION - old fashioned ideas of hard work, discipline, and devotion to serving the state are all ignored

Front 49

Who was Cato the Elder?

Back 49

tried to stop social revolution - lived on farm and did much of his own work, dirt floors, morally clean, opposed luxury / educated his own children at home / but he believed that all slaves should be worked to death

Front 50

What was the LATE REPUBLIC?

Back 50

133-30BC / period of much turbulence, assassinations, wars, class strugles

Front 51

Late Republic - Slave Revolt

Back 51

Spartacus 73BC - kill 70,000 / Sulla — moves govt toward total dictatorship (he came from retirement to claim command of army, but Senate chose another—civil war erupts

Front 52

Late Republic - First Triumvirate

Back 52

Pompey, Caesar and Crassus - (Pompey is best general, Caesar, another military genius, and Crassus, the richest man in Rome.)

Front 53

Late Republic - Caesar conquers Gual

Back 53

to get more power

Front 54

What were some of Caesar's Good Deeds?

Back 54

1. returned system to the old ways (one king) / 2. gave citizenship to Gauls and Spanish (expands the Empire) / 3. modified the calendar (used Egyptian's) and gave us our present 365 day version (early Rome started their year on March 25 (first day of spring/Vernal equinox)

Front 55

What were Caesar's Faults?

Back 55

placed himself above the law; wanted supreme power

Front 56

Who was Octavian (Caesar Augustus)?

Back 56

27BC-14AD reigns 41 yrs / GOOD leader/Caesar's nephew/only 18 when he takes over / very smart, and not greedy / - Anthony and Cleopatra oppose him but are defeated in naval battle at Actium 31BC/they commit suicide

Front 57

Rule under Augustus

Back 57

"1. start of the Pax Romana (27BC - 180AD) longest in history

Front 58

Tiberius

Back 58

14-37AD first to live in luxury, built a huge palace. Finally retired to Capri and his villa (and gays). Was suffocated in his sleep by a member of the Praetorian Guard.

Front 59

Caligula (Gaius)

Back 59

37-41 made himself a god at age 25. Would sit in the temple of Castor and Pollux and offer himself for the adoration of the people. Finally stabbed by his own Praetorian Guard. Crazy: horse elected to senate/battle with Neptune/pontoon bridge/sea shells.

Front 60

Claudius

Back 60

41-54 a genuine intellectual. Marries Messalina (second wife?) and is 'an old fool' in his love for her; she’s famous for her greed and lust. Extends realm to include England. Killed by poisoned mushrooms fed him by his fourth wife Agrippina II, daughter of Germanicus and Agrippina I.

Front 61

Nero

Back 61

54-68 (Coliseum (giant statue) built 72-80AD) / He hated everything and changed it all. Called the “Gutter Emperor” because the common people loved him. Murdered his wife, mother, aunt, tutors, generals. Performed publicly as an actor, singer, poet, and charioteer. / 64AD kills Peter (crucified) and Paul (beheaded)

Front 62

Nero and the Great Fire

Back 62

64AD blamed on Christians (whose quarters were adjacent but didn't burn.) 2/3 of city burned. He rebuilds a better city, but bankrupts govt. Builds 'Golden House'. Revolt comes from the army in Spain, and he stabs himself.

Front 63

Year of the Four Emperors

Back 63

68 AD - all four are killed

Front 64

Vespasian

Back 64

(69-79) and his two sons (Titus, Domitian) rule next, and can't get rid of Nero's stench quickly enough. Burn Golden House and fill lake with dirt, then build Coliseum 72AD on that spot.

Front 65

Titus

Back 65

(79-81) takes Jerusalem in 70AD. Emperor 79AD

Front 66

Domitian

Back 66

(81-96) rules well at first (state supported education, etc) but soon turns cruel. Killed at home by wife and servants.

Front 67

The DECLINE of Rome

Back 67

100 - 200 AD / military dominates everything / people so used to violence that they need violent men to rule them

Front 68

The Coliseum in Rome

Back 68

kill all animals in that part of the world / fight to the death, loved blood sport / gladiators rarely fought to death, too expensive / one game 640 gladiators and 4000 animals

Front 69

Prostitution and corruption in Rome

Back 69

32,000 prostitutes in Rome / gays everywhere / "it's fashionable" / the theater - killing on stage with convicts / gluttony, vomitoriums, ice runners

Front 70

Division of Roman Empire

Back 70

Constantine 280 - 337 moves captial to Constantinople / Latin speaking vs. Greek Speaking

Front 71

The Fall of Rome

Back 71

No war or battle / internal rot / dated 476 when barbarian king crowns himself king of Rome

Front 72

Cause of Roman Empire Fall 1

Back 72

Imperialism - too much money

Front 73

Cause of Roman Empire Fall 2

Back 73

Trade deficit - too much money leaving country in trade

Front 74

Cause of Roman Empire Fall 3

Back 74

Barter causes a decline in industry and commerce

Front 75

Cause of Roman Empire Fall 4

Back 75

serfs created - no food for slaves, army needs food, slaves die off and no one to replace them, no new lands being conquered

Front 76

Cause of Roman Empire Fall 5

Back 76

Government controls everything

Front 77

Cause of Roman Empire Fall 6

Back 77

Move toward heredity status - "you get farm because you are the oldest son"

Front 78

Cause of Roman Empire Fall 7

Back 78

Welfare - social stigma attached to work

Front 79

Cause of Roman Empire Fall 8

Back 79

Land is worn out / crop rotation isn't discovered till Middle Ages

Front 80

Cause of Roman Empire Fall 9

Back 80

Disease - plague in 166 and 252 AD

Front 81

Early Roman Religion?

Back 81

little use for religion / loyalty, duty to state above all / pray for state's good, not your own

Front 82

Late Roman Religion

Back 82

Seneca " Religion is regarded by the common people as true, by the wise as false, and by the emperors as useful"

Front 83

Late Roman Religion - Polytheism

Back 83

inlude gods from Greeks, Egyptians, etc

Front 84

Late Roman Religion - Mythraism

Back 84

Sun god - from the east / life after death /stamped out by Christianity

Front 85

Late Roman Religion - Magic/Astrology

Back 85

came from East - Babylon and most believed

Front 86

Roman Art

Back 86

Romans were doers, not thinkers, and thus did little in the arts / Romans were copiers

Front 87

Who was Virgil?

Back 87

(70-19BC) is their greatest poet/writer / dies during the Augustianian peace

Front 88

Roman architecture

Back 88

the most of Roman arts / massive to show strength, power / Colosseum is huge - 65,000 seats

Front 89

Circus Maximum

Back 89

seats 250,000

Front 90

Roman science

Back 90

no time for scientific study or experiment, no time for questioning and research

Front 91

Rule under Augustus

Back 91

1. start of the Pax Romana (27BC - 180AD) longest in history 2. cleans up the corrupt provincial governors 3. new coinage, creates post office, fire stations, police, sales tax 4. new roads (all lead to Rome) (“I found Rome brick and left it marble.”) 5. water systems: introduce irrigation 6. lots of slaves: Rome’s population 7M (3M slaves) 7. needed a larger population; penalties for women not married by age 20 (men 25); encouraged marrying at puberty