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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the arterial blood pressure
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the pressure of the blood as it moves through the arteries and is determined by the cardiac output & the resistance that blood encounters as it moves through the arterioles (peripheral vessels)
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what is HTN
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systolic blood pressure over 140
and diastolic over 90 |
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what is the MAP
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mean arterial pressure which is the average pressure in arterial circulation throughout the cardiac cycle
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what are the 4 categories of HTN
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primary or essential (90%)
secondary gestational malignant |
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what are the S&S of HTN
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increased BP, back of head headache upon waking, nocturia, confusion, nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, fatigue, dizziness, chest px or irregular HR, dypsnea, hematuria
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67%heart attack, 77% strokes, precedes 74% heart failure
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results of HTN
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what is coarctation
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it is a kink in the aorta which can be a result of secondary HTN
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what are crisis of HTN
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severe and abrupt elevation of BP
renal failure hypertensive encephalopathy heart failure pulmonary edema |
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what happens if the BP cuff is too small? large?
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too small gives a false high reading
too large gives a false low reading |
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what are some highly protein bound medications that bind with everything
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Coumadin, Dilantin, aspirin
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what is the livespan of RBC
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120 days
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what is normocytic, microcytic, and macrocytic
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normal, smaller than normal and larger than normal RBC sizes
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what are the color of RBCs
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normochromic - normal
hypochromic - diminished hyperchomic - elevated |
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what is anemia
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low hemoglobin or low circulating RBCs or both resulting in decreased O2 carrying capacity of blood; IT IS A SYMPTOM OF SOMETHING ELSE
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what are the normal levels of Hgb; Hct; RBC and their purposes
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Hgb - measure the capacity of the hemoglobin to carry genes - women:12-16, men:13.5-18g/dL
Hct - measures packed cell volume of RBCs & expressed as a % of total blood volume - women:38-47%, men:40-54% RBC - circulating red blood cells - women:4-5,000,000, men:4.5-6,000,000 |
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what is the most common type of anemia
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iron deficiency
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what are the causes of iron deficiency anemia
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dietary deficiencies, decreased absorption, increased metabolic requirements, blood loss, chronic hemoglobinuria
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Vit B12 is needed for cell maturation & division (esp. RBC) and if inadequate amt or poorly absorbed
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Vit. B12 deficiency anemia or pernicious anemia
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hereditary atrophic gastritis, gastrectomy, ileal resection, malabsorption syndromes
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causes of Vit. B12 deficiency anemia
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folic acid is necessary for DNA synthesis & RBC maturation and if inadequate amt or poorly absorbed causes what
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folic acid deficiency anemia
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what is hemolytic anemia
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premature destruction of RBC, retention of iron & other products of Hgb destruction, marked increase in erythropoiesis within bone marrow
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what are inherited disorders of hemolytic anemia
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RBC membrane disorders and hemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell and thalassemia and inherited enzyme defects such as G6PD (most common) but there is over 200
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what is sickle cell anemia
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an inherited autosomal recessive trait to hemoglobin (HbS); sickle shaped because of deoxygenation of hemoglobin (HbS)
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what are the extrinsic causes of hemolytic anemia
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drugs, chemicals
toxins, venoms bacterial and other infections trauma, burns mechanical damage (prosthetic heart valve) |
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what are femiron and imfiron
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blood forming agents that are oxygen carriers in Hgb and myoglobin, used for tissue respiration, many enzyme reactions and are stored in the liver, spleen and bone marrow
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what are blood forming agents and what can you expect from use
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Femiron, Folic acid, Vit. B 12 and Epogen (erythropoietin)
they increase in H&H and reticulocyte count, decrease fatigue and increase energy |
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what would you expect to find in a female client with moderate anemia
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complaints of SOB because RBC and the Hgb they contain carry oxygen to the tissues and the oxygen carrying capacity is reduced exertional dyspnea occurs
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why can a client feel numbness and tingling of extremities after gastric resection
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during surgery intrinsic factor production may decrease causing Vit B12 deficiency with neurological deficits
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if reddish purple spots and areas of purple bruising show up on a newly admitted client what lab result would support these findings
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platelets under the normal platelet count of 150,000 - 450,000/mm3
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a client with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) needs to understand what about receiving platelets
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that platelets are being infused to replace those used in abnormal clotting process of DIC
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