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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cultural Impacts of Tourism
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jobs: new and lost opportunities
language traditions food handicrafts religion dress time male/female relationships conflicts b/t generations |
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Sacred time
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Communal time not on a watch
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profain time
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time on a watch, measured time
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Acculteration
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sharing and accepting e/o cultures asnd values
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demonstration effect
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when locals want to look and act like tourists
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commodification
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when a culture/society is reduced to a generic product
ex. indian headress |
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psuedo-event
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cultural events reprodced for the tourists with out regard to original intent
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carrying capacity
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destinations ability to absorb tourism with out deterioration
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saturation point
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point at which carrying capaity has been met
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physical carrying capacity
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finite capacity
ex. parking spaces at the beach |
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evvironmental carrying capacity
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when experience of the visitor deteriorates
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ecological carrying capacity
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when damage to nature is unacceptable
ex. drinking water cotamination |
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social carrying capacity
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when visitors numbers become a burden on the locals
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What are the most popular three cruise destinations?
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Caribbean, European, and Alaskan
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What are the three major companies in the Cruise industry?
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Carnival (costa, cunard, hollan america, windstar and yachts of seabourne)
Royal Caribbean (celebrity and princess) NCL (star and orient) |
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What are the five principals of ecotourism?
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1. tourism should bond with thoe local culture and environment
2. tourists should focus on the hosts community 3.ecotourism should be local ownership 4. should use local materials 5. use ecotechniques |
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What are three core elements of ecotourism?
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1. attraction of the natural environment
2. emphasis on learning 3. high desire for sustainability on the people of the region and the natural surrounding |
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Hardcore ecotourism event
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rugged uncomfortable
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Softcore ecotourism event
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short duration trips with an eco theme
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Negative Cultural Impacts of Tourism
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loss of self-sustaining economy
outside ownership of facilities impact on real estate overcrowding social problems loss of amenities for locals |
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Leisure Travel?
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Increased levels of economic activity will lead to a growth in leisure travel
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Impact of lesiure travel
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more leisure travelers will lead to developement of facilities
developed countries will stick to mass tourism |
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What will become the two biggest countries for inbound tourism?
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China and India
many VFR travelers will visit to see relatives left behind |
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Gross Registered Tonnage
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interior space avaliable to passangers
1 GRT = 100 Cubic feet |
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Space Ratio
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GRT/ # PAX Berths
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Passenger Crew Ratio
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# Pax Berths / # Crew
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Future of the Cruise Industry
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1. condoships and timeshares
2. bigger ships 3. budget cruises 4. private islands and clubs |
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Jones Act
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Inorder to have an all domestic itinerary the ship must: 1. be made in the US; 2. be owned by a US company; 3. have and all US crew
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Why the Jones Act?
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1. protect US jobs
2. ensures safety for passangers 3. environmental protections 4.national security |
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Eco-tourism
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sustainable, alternative and responsible tourism
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Mass Tourism
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seeks rest and relaxation
involves large #'s visitors consume resources dictates the community |
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One of the biggest changes that will occur in the 21st century...
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will be the increasing number of the mature travel segment
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diffusion
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tourist and locals interact and borrow from each other
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toleration
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live and let live with out interaction
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segregation
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dont make contact: maintain distance
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rejection
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make tourists unwelcome
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Bruntland Report definition of Ecotourism
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meeting the needs of present tourist and host region, while protecting and enhancing opportunity for the future
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Doxey's Irritaion Index: cultural irritation
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1. euphoria
2. apathy 3. annoyance 4. antagonism 5. final level: segregation and elimentation |
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Variables impacting irritation
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negative correlation: land mass
positive: culutral and socioeconomic disparity positive: level of dependency on tourism negative: % of population benefiting |
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Future Trends of Tourism
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video conferencing
mass customization extreme tourism |
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Ecotourism: does it work?
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In order for eco-tourism to make and impact everyone must participate but if all the people do it it cannot work
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Plog's Continuum
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psychocentric - Near psych - midcentric- near allocentric- allocentric
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psychocentric
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want familiarity rather than anxious and willing to relinquish control
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allocentric
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adventurous; self-confident; want to be incontrol
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Theory of allocentricity and psychocentricity
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1. territory boundness
2. generalized anxieties 3. sense of powerlessness |