• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/22

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

22 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Petrach
Humanist Italian poet, called the father of the Renaissance. He was a classicist, he recovered old ancient texts and translated them (humanist). His most famous work is the canzoniere, a love poem for Laura in his native language Italian. Novel idea for time to write in Italian.
Flagellants
Extreme religious movement that arose during the Black Death, famine, warfare, in mid 14th century. They were based in Northern and Central Europe. They were extremely religious, would ride town to town on voyages dressed in white and whipped themselves. Penance for their sins and the sins of the world.
Colombian Exchange
Post 1492 transfer of livestock, food types, and disease between the New World and Europe. Very Beneficial for Europe. Expanded diet, transformed and improved by introduction of new nutritious food types. New World receives new diseases; influenza wipes out entire civilizations. Tomatoes, corn, potatoes N -> O.
Jacquerie
1358 French peasant revolt occurs during the 100 years war. The capture of French King John by English has raised taxes on the lower class. It was a response to the burden of taxation being solely on the lower class while nobles and church were exempt. Very unsuccessful and brutally oppressed. Offered no plan for new social system.
Henry VIII
English renaissance kind who embodied ideas of personal monarchy by being a renaissance prince. Loved theology, hunted, played music. Started English reformation from Roman Catholic Church in order to secure a male heir. Tudor dynasty> politics of church. Wanted a divorce but couldn't get one. Resulted in Church of England.
Elizabethan Settlement
Conversion of England back to Protestantism, under Elizabeth I. Enacted by parliament, she was a politique and it allowed toleration of Catholics provided they did not promote their own religious views. Thought England would become more protestant as generations went by. Book of Common Prayer was introduced with intent to unify the country. Elizabeth was made the supreme governor of the Church. 39 Articles of 1653-Established theology of the Elizabethan Church.
Johannes Gutenburg
Bible was most famous work, called 42 line BIble. He made the first Printing Press the utilized movable metal type. Partner was Johannes Fust, Printing was a new dangerous innovation because people wanted hand written more. Bible was illustrated by hand to appear manuscripted. Set the stage for scientific revolution and humanists.
Jan Van Eyck
15th century Dutch painter that was famous for his use of oil paints. He included exquisite detail in his paintings, almost looked like photographs. He would sign his paintings, "As I can". Was famous for doing Polyptych paintings with contain scenes in panels. Ghent Altarpiece is one of the most famous of these.
Mercantilism
Economic theory that says that the global volume of trade is fixed, so only a certain amount can occur. This value doesn't increase or decrease, so only way to better own country is to export more goods than they import. This theory leads to government involvement in trade, and high duties on imports.
Thomas Hobbes
Mid 17th century English philosopher who was a theorist of absolutism. He work his most important and famous work during the English Civil war, the Leviathan. It states that society needs a contract to form state of nature. A state without government. This contract leads to a single sovereign power, a strong central gov't. NATURAL LAW.
Versailles
Palace built outside of Paris that was a symbol of lavish spending, entertainment, it was a site of ordered structured routines. Palace holds thousands, and used by the nobility. It's nature reflects Louis XIV who wanted to keep the aristocracy close and under control.
Coffee Houses
17th century phenomenon of a social and intellectual place of drinking coffee an. Served as an important place to trade ideas and information about ideas. Helped the Scientific revolution and the enlightenment because ideas could be discussed freely and spread. Newspapers and magazines were read, and lectures were given.
Jacobins
French revolutionary group the was initially moderate, they wanted a centralized Republic. Dominated by Robespierre. Was responsible for the Reign of Terror. Was a violent conflict between Girondins and Jacobins. They dominated the National Convention.
Social Contract
Theory by John Jacques Rosseau which stated that gov't was evil but it was necessary evil. Focuses on how to harmonize individual liberty with the gov't authority. Contains statements outlines participatory democracy. Came to being in Age of Enlightenment. Individual should feel comfortable sacrifices some freedoms to protect their rights.
Galileo
Astronomer and philosopher of 16th and 17th century. He was Italian. He was the father of science that used observation rather than rely on ancient texts. He used his own telescope to study the heavens. He developed theory that the sun was at the center of the universe rather than the earth and was called a heretic because of it. This went against what the bible taught. He was tried by the Inquisition for his findings and forced to live under house arrest after, Observed the phases of Venus.
Medieval Art vs. Renaissance Art
Medieval-Mostly Religious, not concerned with realism, served a purpose of portraying religious stories, darn and less detailed. Water based paint.

Renaissance- Focused on realism (proportional bodies and linear perspective), focused on everyday life and nature, oil paints very detailed.
Scientific Revolution Impact on Philosophy, Religion and Technology.
Religion- Challenging authority of religious leaders, (Galileo), ideas need to be proven.

Philosophy- Descartes (scientific method) applied science to philosophy, based philosophy on thought and reason rather than religion. Francis Bacon, people should use science to make laws. New Atlantis.

Technology- Telescopes, microscopes, observational science flourished.
Motives for age of discovery
God- Thought god would want them to help the natives convert as well as possess new lands.
Glory-Excitement and pride that accompanies being the first to conquer a new land.
Gold- Hope of finding riches in the new lands, (probably chief reason)
New better ships and maps made this expansion possible.
Changed Europe's diet and rise in power for specifically spain.
Martin Luther and John Calvin
Martin Luther- Believed a person could be saved by god's grace. The Eucharist was a symbol of christ's body, not his actual body, Was against indulgences. He wanted to reform the Church. Sole authority on Bible.

Calvin- Elect and predestination. It was chosen from your birth whether you were destined for heaven and you can't changed that. Calvinism was set of strict rules.
Causes of the French Revolution
Social uprising due to the 3 estates and the tax system. Famine highlighted by the shortage of grain which rose bread prices, and therefore starved the poor. Superflous spending by the kind, and the war in America. New ideas from Voltaire and Rosseau also played a part because people became enlightened.
Downfall of Church
Scientific revolution led people to question the church and its beliefs. Rise of Protestantism was a hit to the church's membership and prestige. Enlightenment led people to study for themselves and interpret the bible in their own way. The 30 years resulted in the power being taken from the church because treaty of Westphalia said that kings can determine own country's religion.
Urbanization
Closer together, led to disease being spread, much more trade and commerce, coffee houses, ideas were spread, more social and allowed interaction between social classes.