Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Tissue which covers body surfaces, lines body cavities, and forms glands.
|
Epithelial Tissue
|
|
|
Tissue comprised of cells that produce ECM and serve to link or support other tissues.
|
CT or Supporting Tissue
|
|
|
Tissue comprised of cells with contractile properties.
|
Muscle tissue
|
|
|
Cells which produce male & female gametes (spermatozoa & ova) through gametogenesis.
|
Germ cells
|
|
|
Malignancies of epithelium
|
Carcinomas
|
|
|
Malignancies of glandular tissue
|
Adenocarcinoma
|
|
|
Malignancies of mesenchymal tissue
|
Sarcomas
|
|
|
Tumors of germ cells
|
Germ cell tumors
|
|
|
Layers of flat or polygonal cells; Serves a protective function against the external environment; Covers external genitalia & lines the vagina & cervix of women.
|
Squamous epithelium
|
|
|
Cuboidal or columnar cells; Forms inner lining of many organs; Has ability to produce fluid secretions
|
Glandular epithelium
|
|
|
Male accessory glands & prostate; Female endometrium, endocervix, and fallopian tubes
|
Glandular epithelium
|
|
|
Form of epithelium that lines the urinary tract (renal calyces, ureters, bladder, urethra); Can distend
|
Transitional epithelium
|
|
|
Epithelial tumors confined by an intact basement membrane
|
In-situ carcinoma
|
|
|
When does in-situ carcinoma become invasive carcinoma?
|
When the malignant cells cross the BM & invade into underlying CT
|
|
|
Found between the epithelium & underlying CT; Acts to support epithelium
|
Basement membrane
|
|
|
What are the 4 components of the BM?
|
Basal lamina derived from basal lamina (TIV collagen & laminin (glycoprotein)), reticular fibers, other glycoproteins
|
|
|
Tissue found under BM; Female: stroma of vagina, cervix, endometrium, ovary & breast, uterine myometrium; Male: stroma of penis, prosate, testes
|
Mesenchymal tissue
|
|
|
List 4 tumors of mesenchymal tissue
|
Leiomyomas, Leiomyosarcomas, fibromas, fibrosarcomas
|
|
|
Site of milk production; Found at the end of large ducts of the breast; Includes small ductules & lobules
|
TDLU (Terminal Duct Lobular Unit)
|
|
|
In the breast, __ __ __ units proliferate at puberty & pregnancy. In pregnancy, lobules __ & __ changes are seen in glandular cells. Breast __ also proliferate.
|
Terminal duct lobular; enlarge; secretory; stroma
|
|
|
How is the low pH of the vagina achieved?
|
Vaginal mucosa is lined by a thick, stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium. The epithelium is hormonally responsive. It produces and stores glycogen in the presence of estrogen. The glycogen is metabolized by the nl vaginal flora, forming lactic H+, resulting in the low pH in the vagina.
|
|
|
From where do vaginal secretions arise?
|
There is a CT stroma underlying the vaginal epithelium that has a rich vascular supply. The vaginal secretions arise as an exudate from the vaginal capillaries.
|
|
|
The stratified squamous epithelium of the ectocervix changes to a mucus-secreting glandular epithelium at the __ zone, where the endocervix begins. The glandular epithelium lines the __ canal to the internal __ where the endometrium begins.
|
tranformation/transition, endocervical, os
|
|
|
What type of epithelium is present in the transformation zone? How does it form? Why is this area sampled for Paps?
|
Squamous metaplasia; Glandular epithelium changes to the hybrid squamous metaplasia as a response to various irritants. HPV likes to infect the transformation zone & cause cellular changes that can lead to CA.
|
|
|
What are the 3 layers of the uterus?
|
Inner endometrium; Middle myometrium; Outer serosa (mesothelium)
|
|
|
What happens to the myometrium in pregnancy & menopause? Why?
|
It's hormone sensitive, so in pregnancy it undergoes hypertrophy (increase in cell size) & hyperplasia (increase in cell number. It atrophies during menopause.
|
|
|
What are the 2 layers of the endometrium?
|
Basalis/basal layer by myometrium which serves as a progenitor layer for new endometrium after each cycle; Superficial functionalis layer from the basilar layer to the surface which is hormonally responsive & undergoes the monthly cycle of proliferation, secretion, & shedding.
|
|
|
What provides the blood supply to the endometrium?
|
Spiral arteries
|
|
|
Describe how hormonal changes in the menstrual phase cause endometrial shedding.
|
Decreased estrogen & progesterone from the ovaries causes the spiral arteries to constrict. The functionalis undergoes necrosis so that it & blood are shed as menstrual debris, leaving behind the basalis.
|
|
|
The epithelium of the fallopian tube conatins secretory cells which produce a water fluid w/ __, __, & __ with a __ role for spermatozoa & ova.
|
Potassium, chloride, immunoglobulins, nutritive
|
|
|
Primordial follicle
|
Lowest level of maturation; small, solid, located at rim. 1y oocyte surrounded by single layer of follicular cells
|
|
|
Primary follicle
|
Still solid; Larger; Granulosa & theca cell layers (theca interna produces steroids; theca externa is vascularized CT)
|
|
|
Secondary follicle
|
Antrum first appears; Corona radiata (single layer of granulosa cells remaining around the primary oocyte)
|
|
|
Mature/Graafian follicle
|
Mature follicle (primary oocyte has undergone its first meiotic division & is now called the 2y oocyte); fully formed; Form that is ovulated
|
|
|
Corpus luteum
|
Yellow structure remaining after after ovulation; Granulosa cells produce progesterone
|
|
|
Corpus albicans
|
Scarred corpus luteum
|
|
|
Proliferative phase
|
Follicular phase; Days 1-14; Under influence of increasing estrogen by developing follicle, mitotic activity is stimulated in the endometrial glands; Functionalis is comprised of small, straight tubular glands w/ pseudostratified columnar cells demonstrating mitotic activity
|
|
|
Secretory phase
|
Luteal phase; Days 14-28; Endometrial glands show increased vacuolization & secretions in their lumina; Corresponds to increasing progesterone prodxn by teh corpus luteum
|
|
|
What are the components of the spermatic cord?
|
Vas deferens, arteries & nerves, and venous & lymphatic drainage for the testes.
|
|
|
What is the tunica albuginea?
|
Dense sheath of CT surrounding each testis and all 3 corpora.
|
|
|
Where are spermatozoa produced?
|
Seminiferous tubules
|
|
|
Seminiferous tubules are lined by germinal epithelium which is several layers thick & composed of __ cells (containing __ cells in various stages of __) and __ cells.
|
Spermatogenic; germ; maturation; Sertoli
|
|
|
What do Sertoli cells do?
|
Function in the physical & nutritional support of developing germ cells & in the secretion of substances important in testosterone function (androgen binding protein) and sex determination (antimullerian hormone & inhibin)
|
|
|
Leydig cells
|
Found outside the seminiferous tubules; Site of testosterone production
|
|
|
The prostatic epithelium is __ responsive and depends on __ to maintain its structure & function. Declining __ with __ changes the epithelium from tall columnar to low cuboidal or flat w/ reduced __ activity.
|
hormone; testosterone; testosterone; age; secretory
|
