Hsf: Muscle And Nerve

Front 1

3 Different Types of Muscles

Back 1

1. Skeletal
2. Cardiac
3. Smooth

Front 2

Name the striated muscles

Back 2

-Skeletal and Cardiac
(due to specific arrangement of cytoskeletal proteins specialized for muscle contraction)

Front 3

General Function of Muscle

Back 3

-Provides movement (or limit movement)

Front 4

Function of Skeletal Muscle

Back 4

Skeletal: causes or limits movement at joints and at other specialized sites

Front 5

Function of Cardiac Muscle

Back 5

-Contracts to propel blood through the vasculature

Front 6

Function of Smooth Muscle

Back 6

-Contracts to propel the contents of various hollow tubes, such as the gut

Front 7

Components of muscle

Back 7

-Made up of muscle cells (fibers) and surrounding connective tissue
-Running through connective tissue are blood vessels, including many capillaries, and nerves, with nerve endings on the innervated muscle cells

Front 8

Epimysium

Back 8

-layer of dense connective tissue that covers the whole
-equivalent to fascia

Front 9

Fascicles (def)

Back 9

-number of muscle bundles

Front 10

Each muscle fasciculus is a bundle of muscle cells surrounded by connective tissue called ______ which often contains larger ______ _____.

Back 10

-Perimysium
-Blood Vessels

Front 11

Characteristics of Muscle Fibers

Back 11

-Surrounded by connective tissue in the form of fine reticular fibers called endomysium
-Plasma membrane called the sarcolemma that extends processes called T-tubles into the interior of the muscle cell
-Peripherally placed nuclei, with many nuclei per cell. This is a result of development of mature muscle cells by the fusion of many myoblasts into a myotube, which will become a muscle cell
-Well developed endoplasmic reticulum that regulated intracellular calcium concentrations
-Made of columns of connected sarcomeres called myofibrils

Front 12

What is the sarcomere composed of?

Back 12

-Myofilaments= proteins arranged in a close-packed array specific to striated muscle

Front 13

2 Main Myofilament Types

Back 13

-Thin filaments (actin)
-Thick filaments (myosin)

Front 14

The ____ is the basic contractile element of straited muscle.

Back 14

-Sarcomere

Front 15

I Band

Back 15

-light
-actin filaments (with central Z line where actin filaments are anchored to next sarcomer)

Front 16

A Band

Back 16

-Dark
-Overlapping actin and myosin filaments (except for the central H band which contains only myosin filaments held in register by cross connections that give rise to a density called the M line)

Front 17

Tropomysin

Back 17

-Wraps in a double strand around the double-stranded helical actin filament

Front 18

Troponin Complex

Back 18

-Binds to tropomysin

Front 19

3 Subunits of Troponin

Back 19

-TpT-binds troponin to tropomyosin
-TpC-calcium binding protein
-TpI-inhibits interaction of actin and myosin

Front 20

Thick filaments are composed entirely of the protein ________.

Back 20

-Myosin II

Front 21

Myosin II

Back 21

-2 havey chains (2 tails wrapped together in a helical pattern, each with a globular head)
-4 light chains

Front 22

Myosin II: 4 Light Chains (2 Types)

Back 22

-One of each is bound to each myosin head
-Mysoin heads have binding sites or actin and for ATP
-Both have ATPase activity, and the ability to change conformation to provide motor activity

Front 23

Muscle Contraction: Skeletal Muscle

Back 23

-Innervation by motor nerve endings
-Release neurotransmitter acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction

Front 24

_______ is required for the muscle cell to maintain its structure. Muscle cells will ______ if this is disrupted.

Back 24

-Innervation
-Atrophy