Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fertilization (def)
|
-The event characterized by the union of a spermatazoa and ovum
|
|
_________ is formed by the union of a spermatazoa and ovum.
|
-Zygote
|
|
Embryo (def)
|
-The time in the first 8 weeks of human development in which embryogenesis occurs
|
|
Fetus (Def)
|
-9-38 weeks of development
- term referred to a developing human after 8 weeks and until parturition (birth) |
|
Gestational age (def)
|
-the age of the fetus based on the 1st day of the last menstrual period (2 wks before actual fertilization, assuming the ovulation actually occurs at the 14th day of the lunar or 28-day female cycle) and "term" for the human fetus is thus 40 weeks or 280 days
|
|
Where does fertilization normally occur?
|
-Ampulla of the uterine tube 12-24 hours after ovulation
|
|
The _______ _______ the actual age of the fetus based on the day of fertilization and is 38 weeks or 266 days.
|
-Fertilization age
|
|
What genetic material does the zygote contain?
|
-Diploid number of chromosomes (23 pairs of chromosomes, including one pair of sex chromosomes)
|
|
Following fertilization, the zygote undergoes _______, a series of mitotic cell division that result in a ball of cells (________).
|
-Cleavage
-Blastomeres |
|
Once the ball of blastomeres reaches 12-32 cells we call it a _____.
|
-Morula
|
|
How many days if the zygote at the morula stage?
|
-3-4 days post-fertilization
|
|
Where does the morula move?
|
-Down the uterine tube (fallopian tube, oviduct), enters the uterine cavity around the 4th day of development, and begins to develop a fluid-filled cavity within its cell mass.
|
|
When does a morula become a blastocyst?
|
-When it begins to develop a fluid filled cavity within its cell mass
|
|
How many days if the zygote at the morula stage?
|
-3-4 days post-fertilization
|
|
At one pole of the blastocyst, an inner cell mass develops as the _________, the first sign of our future selves.
|
-Embryoblast
|
|
Where does the morula move?
|
-Down the uterine tube (fallopian tube, oviduct), enters the uterine cavity around the 4th day of development, and begins to develop a fluid-filled cavity within its cell mass.
|
|
When does the blastocyst begin to implant itself in the endometrial wall of the uterus?
|
-Around 5-6 days=completing the first week of human development
|
|
When does a morula become a blastocyst?
|
-When it begins to develop a fluid filled cavity within its cell mass
|
|
Fertilization (def)
|
-The event characterized by the union of a spermatazoa and ovum
|
|
At one pole of the blastocyst, an inner cell mass develops as the _________, the first sign of our future selves.
|
-Embryoblast
|
|
The key feature of the second week of development is the elaboration of the inner cell mass (_________ into a _____ _____ of cells and the formation of the fluid-filled _____ _____ to cushion and protect the developing embryo.
|
-Embryoblast
-Bilaminar Disc -Amniotic Cavity |
|
2 Cells Layers that Become Apparent when Blastocysts Invades the Endometrial Wall
|
-Cytotrophoblast (inner)
-Syncytiotrophoblast (outer) |
|
-Cytotrophoblast (def)
|
-inner layer that forms after blastocysts invades endometrial wall
-Mitotically active and provides cells for the syncytiotrophoblast |
|
When does the blastocyst begin to implant itself in the endometrial wall of the uterus?
|
-Around 5-6 days=completing the first week of human development
|
|
_________ is formed by the union of a spermatazoa and ovum.
|
-Zygote
|
|
Syncytiotrophoblast (def)
|
-Outer layer that forms after blastocysts invades endometrial wall
-Has finger-like projections enzymatically erode their way into the endometrial wall and engulf glycogen and lipid-rich decidual endometrial cells for the embryo's nutritional needs |
|
Fertilization (def)
|
-The event characterized by the union of a spermatazoa and ovum
|
|
The key feature of the second week of development is the elaboration of the inner cell mass (_________ into a _____ _____ of cells and the formation of the fluid-filled _____ _____ to cushion and protect the developing embryo.
|
-Embryoblast
-Bilaminar Disc -Amniotic Cavity |
|
Embryo (def)
|
-The time in the first 8 weeks of human development in which embryogenesis occurs
|
|
Bilaminar disc of cells (Embryonic Discs) that Form in the Inner Cell Mass
|
-Epiblast
-Hypoblast |
|
_________ is formed by the union of a spermatazoa and ovum.
|
-Zygote
|
|
Embryo (def)
|
-The time in the first 8 weeks of human development in which embryogenesis occurs
|
|
2 Cells Layers that Become Apparent when Blastocysts Invades the Endometrial Wall
|
-Cytotrophoblast (inner)
-Syncytiotrophoblast (outer) |
|
Fetus (Def)
|
-9-38 weeks of development
- term referred to a developing human after 8 weeks and until parturition (birth) |
|
Fetus (Def)
|
-9-38 weeks of development
- term referred to a developing human after 8 weeks and until parturition (birth) |
|
Gestational age (def)
|
-the age of the fetus based on the 1st day of the last menstrual period (2 wks before actual fertilization, assuming the ovulation actually occurs at the 14th day of the lunar or 28-day female cycle) and "term" for the human fetus is thus 40 weeks or 280 days
|
|
-Cytotrophoblast (def)
|
-inner layer that forms after blastocysts invades endometrial wall
-Mitotically active and provides cells for the syncytiotrophoblast |
|
Syncytiotrophoblast (def)
|
-Outer layer that forms after blastocysts invades endometrial wall
-Has finger-like projections enzymatically erode their way into the endometrial wall and engulf glycogen and lipid-rich decidual endometrial cells for the embryo's nutritional needs |
|
Where does fertilization normally occur?
|
-Ampulla of the uterine tube 12-24 hours after ovulation
|
|
Bilaminar disc of cells (Embryonic Discs) that Form in the Inner Cell Mass
|
-Epiblast
-Hypoblast |
|
Gestational age (def)
|
-the age of the fetus based on the 1st day of the last menstrual period (2 wks before actual fertilization, assuming the ovulation actually occurs at the 14th day of the lunar or 28-day female cycle) and "term" for the human fetus is thus 40 weeks or 280 days
|
|
The _______ _______ the actual age of the fetus based on the day of fertilization and is 38 weeks or 266 days.
|
-Fertilization age
|
|
Where does fertilization normally occur?
|
-Ampulla of the uterine tube 12-24 hours after ovulation
|
|
What genetic material does the zygote contain?
|
-Diploid number of chromosomes (23 pairs of chromosomes, including one pair of sex chromosomes)
|
|
The _______ _______ the actual age of the fetus based on the day of fertilization and is 38 weeks or 266 days.
|
-Fertilization age
|
|
Following fertilization, the zygote undergoes _______, a series of mitotic cell division that result in a ball of cells (________).
|
-Cleavage
-Blastomeres |
|
What genetic material does the zygote contain?
|
-Diploid number of chromosomes (23 pairs of chromosomes, including one pair of sex chromosomes)
|
|
Once the ball of blastomeres reaches 12-32 cells we call it a _____.
|
-Morula
|
|
Following fertilization, the zygote undergoes _______, a series of mitotic cell division that result in a ball of cells (________).
|
-Cleavage
-Blastomeres |
|
Once the ball of blastomeres reaches 12-32 cells we call it a _____.
|
-Morula
|
|
A lacunar network of spaces begins to appear in the syncytiotrophoblast and these become filled ______ ______ derived from ruptured ______ _______.
|
-Maternal blood
-Endometrial Capillaries |
|
The early cellular layers ultimately will give rise to the ______ ______
|
-Uteroplacental Circulation
|
|
Characteristics of the 2nd Week of Development
|
-Formation of
~Bilaminar Embryonic Disc ~Amniotic Cavity above the epiblast ~ Primitive (primary) yolk sac |
|
Around the 12th day of development, _______ _____ forms around the amnion and yolk sac, becomes cavitated, and gives rise to ________ _____ and a ________ _____ ______
|
-Extraembryonic Mesoderm
-Extraembryonic Coelum -Secondary Yolk Sac |
|
What form sat the end of the second week?
|
-Prechordal plate
|
|
Prechordal Plate
|
-The thickening of the hypoblast at the future cranial (had) end of the embryonic disc
-Becomes the "organizer" of the head region of the embryo -Indicates where the future mouth will develop (aka "oropharyngeal membrane") |
|
What is formed during the 3rd week?
|
-Trilaminar embryonic disc is formed (gastrulation)
-Neurite -Somite -Early Develpment of Cardiovascular System |
|
Gastrulation (def)
|
-Process that gives rise to the formation of the 3 definitive germ layers, forming the trilaminar embryonic disc
-Establishes the axial orientaiton of the embryo (cranial-caudal axis) |
|
The first sign of gastrulation is the appearance of the _____ _____ on the _____ aspect of the bilaminar embryonic disc.
|
-Primitive Streak
-Dorsal |
|
Cranial Primitive Node (def)
|
-the primitive streak develops as the epiblast proliferates and migrates medially where it forms this
|
|
Mesenchyme
|
-An intermediate layer of cells between the original epi- and hypoblast layers
-Rapidly proliferating epiblast cells migrate here |
|
Mesenchymal cells are ______-like and will ultimately form....
|
-Ameboid-like
-Form many connective tissue elements of the body |
|
Mesenchyme becomes _______.
|
-Mesoderm (lies between the dorsal and epiblast and ventral hypoblast during the 3rd week)
|
|
At the 3rd week, epiblast cells displace the _______ and form the _______ layer.
|
-Hypoblast
-Endoderm |
|
Endoderm: What is forms?
|
-Cells that line the GI system, including the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
-lining of respiratory system |
|
Ectoderm: What it forms?
|
-Skin, nervous system, the sensory portions of the eye, ear and nose, and the enamel of our teeth
|
|
Mesoderm: What it forms?
|
-Dermis of the skin, notochord, muscles, connective tissues, bone, genitourinary system, and cardiovascular system
|
|
Along the cranial-caudal axis of the embryonic trilaminar disc, mesoderm gives rise to _______.
|
-Notochord
|
|
Notochord (def)
|
-Solid rod of mesoderm just ventral to the primitive groove
-Demarcates the future site of the axial skeleton (skull and vertebral column) |
|
The notochord induces the overlying ______ to thicken and form the _____ _____.
|
-Ectoderm
-Neural Plate |
|
The neural plate thickens and begins to invaginate around the ___ day of development, form a deep _____ _____, and ultimately fuses along its dorsal aspect to form an enclosed ______ ______.
|
-18th day
-Neural Groove -Neural Tube |
|
Neural Tube (def)
|
-Primordial central nervous system
|
|
Neural Crest Cells (def)
|
-Neural ectoderm cells that separate from the surface ectoderm and form a flattened dorsal mass
-Come to lie between the surface ectoderm and the primitive neural tube -Will form components of PNS and tissues in the head and neck |
|
Paraxial Mesoderm (def)
|
-Developed at the same time as the notochord and neural tube
-Mesoderm of the above structures begin to condense and form this bilateral longitudinal column of tissue |
|
The paraxial mesoderm begins to divide into paired condensations of mesoderm called ______.
|
-Somites
|
|
How many somites?
|
-38 pairs (20th-30th days of develpment)
-42-44 pairs at culmination of the 5th wk of development |
|
Laterally, the somites are continuous with a sheet of mesoderm called the ____ ______, which further divides into the ____ ____ _____.
|
-Intermediate Mesoderm
-Lateral Plate Mesoderm |
|
Congenital Malformations: Anomalies
|
-Abnormal Development of Tissue (Chromosomal, Genetic,Teratogenic, Unknown or Iodiopathic)
-Deformation of tissue or structures (constraint within the womb) -Disruptive forces on previously normal structures (vascular occlusion, compression, tearing) |
|
When do most congenital malformations occur and what doe they involve?
|
-During embryonic (critical) period
-Involve development of the nervous, cardiovascular system, or the development of the face/skull |
|
After the first trimester of development, most malformations result in ______ and _______ manifestations.
|
-Cognitive
-Behavioral |
|
The neural plate thickens and begins to invaginate around the ___ day of development, form a deep _____ _____, and ultimately fuses along its dorsal aspect to form an enclosed ______ ______.
|
-18th day
-Neural Groove -Neural Tube |
|
Neural Tube (def)
|
-Primordial central nervous system
|
|
Neural Crest Cells (def)
|
-Neural ectoderm cells that separate from the surface ectoderm and form a flattened dorsal mass
-Come to lie between the surface ectoderm and the primitive neural tube -Will form components of PNS and tissues in the head and neck |
|
Paraxial Mesoderm (def)
|
-Developed at the same time as the notochord and neural tube
-Mesoderm of the above structures begin to condense and form this bilateral longitudinal column of tissue |
|
The paraxial mesoderm begins to divide into paired condensations of mesoderm called ______.
|
-Somites
|
|
How many somites?
|
-38 pairs (20th-30th days of develpment)
-42-44 pairs at culmination of the 5th wk of development |
|
Laterally, the somites are continuous with a sheet of mesoderm called the ____ ______, which further divides into the ____ ____ _____.
|
-Intermediate Mesoderm
-Lateral Plate Mesoderm |
|
Congenital Malformations: Anomalies
|
-Abnormal Development of Tissue (Chromosomal, Genetic,Teratogenic, Unknown or Iodiopathic)
-Deformation of tissue or structures (constraint within the womb) -Disruptive forces on previously normal structures (vascular occlusion, compression, tearing) |
|
When do most congenital malformations occur and what doe they involve?
|
-During embryonic (critical) period
-Involve development of the nervous, cardiovascular system, or the development of the face/skull |
|
After the first trimester of development, most malformations result in ______ and _______ manifestations.
|
-Cognitive
-Behavioral |
|
When do somites become obvious on the surface of the embryo and the basic segmental nature of the vertebrate body plan is revealed?
|
-As the folding of the embryo begins =Fetal position
|
|
The "organizer" of the fetal position body plan resides in the ___________ genes ( on chromosome ______
|
-Homeobox (HOX)
-12 |
|
Homeobox Genes (def)
|
-Set of highly conserved "segmentation" genes whose gene products (proteins) include transcription factors and signaling molecules that orchestrate this process
|
|
When is segmentation pattern most obvious?
|
-In the early development of the nervous system (neuralation) and musculoskeletal system (somite formation)
|
|
When does the fetal period begin?
What is the rest of development centered on? |
-At 9 wks
-Growth and maturation of the body systems laid down during the embryonic period |