Hsf 3Rd Block (Blue Book)

Front 1

4 layers of the GI system

lumen outward

Back 1

1.) mucosa (epithelial lining, lamina propria, muscularis muscosa)

2.) submucosa

3.) muscularis externa

4.) adventitia or serosa

Front 2

Features of the lip

Back 2

-NKSSE
-seromucous glands

lacks:
-hair follicles
-sebaceous glands
-sweat glands

Also seen:
-skeletal muscle of the obicularis oris

Front 3

3 types of papillae of the tongue and their features

Back 3

filiform
-conical shape with keratinized tip

fungiform
-rounded and mushroom-shaped with taste buds

circumvallate
-large and spherical, also has taste buds

Front 4

What are glands of von Ebner

Back 4

glands surrounding the circumvallate

secrete their serous products into the marginal left surround the circumvallate papillae

Front 5

Describe the musclaris mucosa and externa of the esophagus as it travels down to the stomach

Back 5

MM will always be two layers of SM

ME will change from 2 layers of skeletal (first 1/3) to 1 layer of each (second 1/3) to 2 layers of SM (last 1/3 of esophagus)

Front 6

What plexus are you expected to find in the submucosa?

Back 6

Meissner's

Front 7

What plexus are you expected to find in the muscularis externa?

Back 7

Auerbach's

Front 8

What is adventitia?

Back 8

loose CT

Front 9

What are the changes of epithelium as you move from esophagus to stomach

Back 9

NKSSE to simple columnar with gastric pits

Front 10

How many layers of muscularis externa are there?

Back 10

3

inner most oblique
inner circumferential
outer longitudinal

Front 11

Where is Auerbach's plexus located in the stomach?

Back 11

always between IC and OL

Front 12

Location of gastric glands vs. pits

Back 12

glands - lamina propria of mucosa

pits - near the surface

Front 13

Compare the features of:

surface mucous cells
parietal cells
chief cells

Back 13

surface mucous cells - form the gastric pit, just round and hollow

parietal - eosinophilic, round with centrally-located nucleus, like fried egg, produces HCL and intrinsic factor

chief - basophilic with secretory granules, produces pepsinogen and lipase

Front 14

pyloric region of stomach vs. fundic region?

Back 14

in pyloric:
-lack of parietal and chief cell, and an abundance of mucous secreting

Front 15

pyloric vs. duodenum?

Back 15

pylorus - 3 layers of SM
duodenum - 2 layers of SM

brunner's gland in duodenum (submucosa), secretes alkaline secretion into lumen

Front 16

What are the intestinal glands in the duodenum called?

Back 16

crypts of liekerkuhn, where brunner's glands empty into

Front 17

What are paneth cells and where are they found?

Back 17

They're located at the bottom of the crypt, wicked eosinophilic

common in duodenum and less in ileum, none in colon

Front 18

What are enteroendocrine cells?

how do you distinguish them from paneth?

Back 18

any cells located in the gut that secrets hormone

but less clustered and numorous then paneth, more toward apex of cell the paneth

Front 19

How to distinguish small and large intestines?

Back 19

Large
-no villi nor plicae circulares
-more goblet
-NO paneth
-abundance of lymphocytes in the lamina propria in nodules

Front 20

Epithelium at the anus-rectoanal junction

Back 20

Simple columnar to NKSSE

Front 21

Other features at the anus-rectoanal junction

Back 21

-no muscularis mucosa in the anus
-more externa at anus
-hair follicles, sebaceous glands and apocrine sweat glands

Front 22

Secretions (serous vs. mucous) in the following glands:

submandibular
parotid
sublingual

Back 22

subman - serous mucous (serous demilune)

parotid - serous

sublingual - mucous

Front 23

What is a renal lobe demarcated by?

Back 23

interlobar vessels

Front 24

Where are renal corpuscles (glomerulus and bowman's capsule) found?

cortex or medulla?

Back 24

cortex

Front 25

What is the name of the name of the ducts between contents are emptied into the minor calyce

Back 25

ducts of Bellini (collecting duct)

Front 26

Two major features bordering the calyx

epithelium and muscle

Back 26

urothelium and smooth muscle

Front 27

What does the arcuate vessels demarcate?

Back 27

cortex and medulla

above and below respectivelly

Front 28

What does the medullary rays contained?

Back 28

Straight segments of cortical nephrons

collecting tubules, straight descending and straight ascending

Front 29

How to distinguish between PCT and DCT

Back 29

PCT - more numerous, tall cuboid, ESOINOPHILIC

DCT - lower cuboidal, lesser eosinophilic, no brush border, more visible lumen

Front 30

How to distinguish between DtLH and AtLH

Back 30

DtLH - similar to PCT

AtLH - similar to DCT

Front 31

Where do you expect to find macula densa?

What is the purpose of the cells?

Back 31

DCT

help monitor the osmolarity of the tubular fluid

Front 32

How to distinguish collecting tubules and duct (of Bellini)

Back 32

Bellini has taller columnar, near the calyx

Front 33

What is the name of the layer that surrounds the testis?

Back 33

tunica albuginea

Front 34

Describe the interstitial cells of Leydig

Back 34

located within the intertubular connective tissue

large and eosinophilic with euchromatic nuclei

produce testosterone

Front 35

Epithelium surround seminiferious tubule

Back 35

seminiferous epithelium

Front 36

Different cells at different stages of spermatogensis and in the order basal into the apical portion

Back 36

Spermatogonia
Primary spermatocytes
Spermatids
Spermatozoa

then Sertoli cells are just everywhere

Front 37

Describe:

Sertoli cells
Spermatogonia
Primary spermatocytes
Spermatids
Spermatozoa

Back 37

Sertoli cells - "fried egg", could be anywhere along the spermatogensis, basal portion of each cell adheres to BL where as the apical portion reaches the lumn, forms the blood-testis barrier with occluding junctions

Spermatogonia - all found at base of seminiferous epithelium, with stained chromatic

Primary spermatocytes - large nucleus with prominent, clumped strands of chromatin

Spermatids - dark circles

Spermatozoa - elongated condensed chromatin

Front 38

Epithelium of rete testis? and what kind of tissue is rete testis?

Back 38

simple cuboidal, CT (of labyrinth)

Front 39

Where does the sperm travels after rete testis?

Back 39

efferent ductules

Front 40

What is the epithelium of efferent ductules?

Back 40

either
-non-ciliated cuboidal
-ciliated columnar
-pseudostratified columnar

Front 41

Describe the characteristics of efferent ductules?

Back 41

cilia on the apical membrane, and thin layer of SM to help move the spermatozoa toward the epididymis

scalloped shape

Front 42

Compare efferent ductules to epididymis

Back 42

lined by pseudostratified columnar with STEREOCILIA (longer than cilia)

Also has thin layers of SM to help facilitate the movement of spermatozoa toward the vas

Looks more "circular" than efferent ductules

Front 43

Describe the vas

Back 43

Lined with 3 discrete layers of SM
-inner longitudinal
-middle circular
-outer longitudinal

same epithelium as the epididymis, except the cilia not as tall

similar looking to esophagus

Front 44

What's in the spermatic cord?

Back 44

Vas, testicular a., pampiniform plexus of veins, lymphatic vessels, nerve fascicles

Front 45

What are seminal vesciles?

Back 45

empties their secretory products into the vas (seminal fluids)

lots of SM around, crazy folded mucosa inside

Front 46

How to distinguish seminal vesicle from ejaculatory ducts?

Back 46

there's more seminal vesicle than ejaculatory ducts, both contain highly folded mucosa

ejaculatory ducts are also intimately associated with the prostate, with a continuous lumen with the prostatic urethra

Front 47

How to distinguish seminal vesicle from prostate gland

Back 47

prostate gland not as crazy folded mucosa, associated with ejaculatory ducts