Hsc 101 Ch8 Test2 Vocabulary

Front 1

what is nutrition

Back 1

the science of food and how the body uses it in health and disease

Front 2

definition of essential nutrient

Back 2

substances the body must get from food because it cannot manufacture them at all or fast enough to meet its needs. these nutrients include proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and water

Front 3

protein

Back 3

an essential nutrient; a compound made of amino acids that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

Front 4

amino acids

Back 4

the building blocks of proteins

Front 5

legumes

Back 5

vegetables such as peas and beans that are high in fiber and are also important sources of protein.

Front 6

hydrogenation

Back 6

a process by which hydrogens are added to unsaturated fats, increasing the degree of saturation and turning liquid oils into solid fats. hydrogenation produces a mixture of saturated fatty acids and standard and trans forms of unsaturated fatty acids

Front 7

trans fatty acid

Back 7

a type of unsaturated fatty acid produced during the process of hydrogenation; trans fats have an atypical shape that affects their chemical activity

Front 8

cholesterol

Back 8

a waxy substance found in the blood and cells and needed for cell membranes, vitamin D, and hormone synthesis

Front 9

LDL

Back 9

low-density lipoprotein. blood fat that transports cholesterol to organs and tissues; excess amounts result in the accumulation of fatty deposits on artery walls

Front 10

HDL

Back 10

high-density lipoprotein. blood fat that helps transport cholesterol out of the arteries, thereby protecting against heart disease.

Front 11

carbohydrate

Back 11

an essential nutrient; sugars, starches, and dietary fiber are all carbohydrates

Front 12

glucose

Back 12

a simple sugar that is the body's basic fuel

Front 13

glycogen

Back 13

an animal starch stored in the liver adn muscles

Front 14

glycemic index

Back 14

a measure of how the ingestion of a particular food affects blood glucose levels

Front 15

vitamins

Back 15

organic substances needed in small amounts to help promote and regulate chemical reactions and processes in the body

Front 16

antioxidant

Back 16

a substance that protects against the breakdown of body constituents by free radicals; actions include binding oxygen, donating electrons to free radicals, and repairing damage to molecules

Front 17

minerals

Back 17

inorganic compounds needed in small amounts for regulation, growth, and maintenance of body tissues and functions

Front 18

anemia

Back 18

a deficiency in the oxygen-carrying material in the red blood cells

Front 19

osteoporosis

Back 19

a condition in which the bones become thin and brittle and break easily

Front 20

free radical

Back 20

an electron-seeking compound that can react with fats, proteins, and DNA, damaging cell membranes and mutating genes in its search for electrons; produced through chemical reactions in the body and by exposure to environmental factors such as sunlight and tobacco smoke

Front 21

phytochemical

Back 21

a naturally occurring substance found in plant foods that may help prevent and treat chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer; phyto means "plant"

Front 22

My Plate

Back 22

my plate.gov

Front 23

vegetarian

Back 23

Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat – red meat, poultry, seafood and the flesh of any other animal; it may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.
(from wiki)

Front 24

organic

Back 24

a designation applied to foods grow and produced according to strict guidelines limiting the use of pesticides, nonorganic ingredients, hormones, antibiotics, genetic engineering, irradiation, and other practices