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9 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Taphonomy
Laws of burial; study of all processes that affect bones during transition from the biosphere to the lithiosphere
Actualistic Research/Methodological Uniformitarianism
Inferring nature of past events by analogy with processes that we can observe in the world today. It works on two principles; 1) it asssumes that natural laws are invariant in time and space, and 2) if so, then past results may have been caused by processes still operant today
Criticisms of Actualistic Research (3)
1) The grounds of actualism are not testable; 2) It restricts statements we can make about the past; 3) Ignores equifinality (same or similar effects through action of two or more different processes)
Ontogeny
Bone growth and maturation
Postmortem damage to bones indicating human involvement
Cut marks, chop marks, scrape marks, percussion marks, and marks from projectiles
Percussion pits
Irregular, roughed pits that correspond to the tip of a percussor (i.e. a stone hammerstone) wielded by a human
Percussion/anvil Striae
Marks made to bone either from use of an anvil or from the action of the percussor moving as it impacts
Inner Conchoidal Scars
Marks on the medullary cavity surface of the bone shaft occuring from percussion
Adhering Flakes
Marks on the shaft wall of the bone caused by percussion