Hs3320 Mendelian Genetics And Pedigree Analysis

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alternative form of a gene (2+)

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allele

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The allelic constitution of a given individual. The alleles present at one particular locus.

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genotype

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The observable expression of a genotype as a morphological, biochemical or molecular trait.

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phenotype

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A term used to refer to a single unpaired allele. It refers especially to the X-linked genes in human males. It also applies to genes on any chromosome segment that is deleted on the other homologous chromosome.

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hemizygous

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two of the same alleles (eg. 2 dominant or 2 recessive)

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homozygous

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Chromosomes that synapse or pair during meiosis. Chromosomes that are identical with respect to their genetic loci and centromere placement.

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homologous

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two different alleles (eg. dominant and recessive)

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heterozygous

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the alleles of the parents are arranged around two sides of a square and recombined in the square in order to find out the phenotypical or genotypical ratio of the offspring (Fn)

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Punnet square crosses

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modes of inheritance

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dominant, recessive, autosomal, x-linked

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allele that will be expressed in the phenotype and will mask the expression of a recessive allele

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dominant

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term describing an allele that is not expressed in the phenotype in the heterozygous condition

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recessive

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pertaining to the chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes (22 pairs)

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autosomal

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pattern of inheritance resulting from genes located on the x-chromosome

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x-linked

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Random inactivation of the paternal and maternal x-chromosome in somatic cells in females early in development. All daughter cells will have the same X chromosome inactivated, producing a mosaic pattern of expression of genes on the X chromosome.

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lyonization