Hs: Week 3- Ans Of The Head And Neck

Front 1

Autonomic Nervous System controls what?

Back 1

ANS controls contractions of smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and secretions of glands

Front 2

Generally, how many neurons are required for autonomic control?

Back 2

Typically for the ANS, 2 neurons are required to reach a target.

Front 3

What cranial nerves carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers?

Back 3

CN III, VII, IX, and X carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers

Front 4

What are the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers associated with?

Back 4

The postganglionic parasympathetic fibers of CN III, VII, IX, and X travel with the branches of the trigeminal nerve (ophalmic, maxillary, and mandibular [lingual branch] nerves)

Front 5

What is V1?

Back 5

V1 is the opthalmic nerve of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Front 6

What is V2?

Back 6

V2 is the maxillary nerve of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Front 7

What is V3?

Back 7

V3 is the mandibular nerve of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Front 8

What is the name of CN III and where is its origin?

Back 8

CN III- oculomotor nerve, originates from Edinger-Westphal Nucleus

Front 9

Where does preganglionic fibers from CN III synapse?

Back 9

Preganglionic fibers from CN III synapse on ciliary ganglion

Front 10

In what does the postganglionic fibers of CN III travel?

Back 10

Postganglionic fibers of CN III travel in short ciliary nerves

Front 11

What is the destination of postganglionic fibers of CN III?

Back 11

Postganglionic fibers of CN III travel in short ciliary nerves to reach the ciliary apparatus and the sphincter pupillae muscle

Front 12

How do the sympathetic fibers travel to the eye and what do they innervate?

Back 12

Sympathetic fibers travel up the carotid plexus to the ciliary ganglion to innervate the dilator pupillae

Front 13

How do trigeminal sensory nerves reach the ciliary ganglion?

Back 13

Trigeminal sensory nerves travel in the nasociliary nerve to reach the ciliary ganglion.

Front 14

What is the big secretory motor nerve to the head?

Back 14

CN VII is the big secretory motor nerve of the head.

Front 15

What does the facial nerve innervate (generally)?

Back 15

Facial nerve innervates muscles of facial expression, provides taste fibers to the palate and tongue, provides visceral sensory fibers (VA) from the nasal cavity and paranasal air sinuses, provides preganglionic parasympathetic fibers (*stimulate secretion of all glands from eyeballs to hyoid bone, except parotid gland)

Front 16

Where do preganglionic fibers of the facial nerve originate?

Back 16

Preganglionic fibers of the facial nerve originate from the superior salvatory nucleus.

Front 17

As what nerves (name) do the preganglionic facial nerve fibers travel?

Back 17

Preganglionic facial nerve fibers travel as either the greater petrosal nerve or the chorda tympani nerve.

Front 18

What does the chorda tympani join to innervate the submandibular and sublingual glands?

Back 18

Chorda tympani (of facial nerve) joins the lingual nerve (CN V3) to innervate the submandibular and sublingual glands

Front 19

What joins the greater petrosal nerve (facial nerve) to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal?

Back 19

The deep petrosal nerve (postganglionic sympathetic) joins the greater petrosal nerve (facial) to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal

Front 20

At what structure does the facial nerve branch into the greater petrosal nerve?

Back 20

As the geniculate ganglion (petrous portion of temporal bone), facial nerve branches off as greater petrosal nerve.

Front 21

Where does the greater petrosal nerve (facial nerve) join the deep petrosal nerve?

Back 21

The greater petrosal nerve joins the deep petrosal nerve at the top of the foramen lacerum (to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal)

Front 22

What does the nerve of the pterygoid canal communicate with?

Back 22

Nerve of the pterygoid canal communicates with pterygopalatine ganglion (only greater petrosal nerve synapses)

Front 23

Where do the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the greater petrosal nerve travel to after synapsing on pterygopalatine ganglion?

Back 23

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the greater petrosal nerve join maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

Front 24

What fiber provides postganglionic parasympathetic drive to paranasal air sinuses, nasal cavity, and roof of the mouth?

Back 24

The postganglionic fibers from the greater petrosal nerve after synapsing on pterygopalatine ganglion provide parasympathetic innervation to paranasal air sinuses, nasal cavity, and roof of the mouth

Front 25

What joins the lacrimal nerve to innervate the lacrimal gland and what is its route?

Back 25

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers (from facial nerve that synapsed on pterygopalatine ganglion) join the zygomaticotemporal branch of CN V2 which then branches into communicating zygomatic nerve that then joins the lacrimal nerve of CN V1 to innervate the lacrimal gland.

Front 26

Describe the cause of Crocodile Tears Syndrome (Bogorad's Syndrome)

Back 26

Facial nerve damage proximal to geniculate ganglion (where greater petrosal nerve branches off). Regrowing axons that normally course thru the chorda tympani get redirected to the greater petrosal nerve. Stimulus that once caused salivation now causes lacrimation.

Front 27

Describe the cause of vasomotor rhinitis

Back 27

Either over-active parasympathetic or under-active sympathetic tone causes watery nasal discharge, sneezing, and blood vessel congestion of nasal mucous membranes.

Front 28

Treatment of vasomotor rhinitis

Back 28

Videan neurectomy- nerve of pterygoid canal (greater petrosal nerve from facial nerve + deep petrosal nerve) is severed- treats vasomotor rhinitis

Front 29

What is the genu of the facial nerve?

Back 29

Genu of the facial nerve is where the facial nerve turns to run posteriorly in the petrous portion of the temporal bone.

Front 30

What happens just prior the facial nerve entering the stylomastoid foramen?

Back 30

The facial nerve branches into 1. a motor nerve of the stapedius muscle
2. chorda tympani nerve that runs across the medial surface of the tympanic membrane

Front 31

Where does the chorda tympani nerve (facial nerve branch) travel after running across the medial surface of the tympanic membrane?

Back 31

The chorda tympani nerve enters the infratemporal fossa to join the lingual nerve destined for the submandibular ganglion

Front 32

In the infratemporal fossa region what does the lingual nerve contain?

Back 32

The lingual nerve contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibers and postganglionic parasympathetic fibers (chorda tympani nerve)

Front 33

What does the lingual nerve innervate?

Back 33

Lingual nerve innervates lingual and sublingual salivary glands (via chorda tympani travelling with it)

Front 34

General function of chorda tympani?

Back 34

Chorda tympani (parasympathetic) supplies all salivary glands from hyoid bone to the lower teeth (except parotid gland)

Front 35

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve join before leaving thru the jugular foramen?

Back 35

Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the inferior salvatory nucleus (in medulla) join the glossopharyngeal nerve

Front 36

What branches off the glossopharyngeal nerve after the jugular foramen?

Back 36

Glossopharyngeal nerve gives off a branch that joins the tympanic plexus, the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers reform into the lesser petrosal nerve

Front 37

On what does the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the lesser petrosal nerve synapse?

Back 37

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the lesser petrosal nerve synapse on the otic ganglion

Front 38

What do the postganglionic fibers (from the lesser petrosal nerve that synapsed on the otic ganglion) join?

Back 38

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers (from the lesser petrosal nerve that synapsed on the otic ganglion) join the auriculotemporal nerve to reach the parotid gland

Front 39

Describe what causes Frey's syndrome

Back 39

Secretory fibers originally directed at parotid gland get damaged; as they regenerate the nerves are redirected to sweat glands on the side of the face. Flushing/sweating of cheeks is seen in response to stimuli that normally causes parotid salivary secretions

Front 40

Treatment of Frey's syndrome?

Back 40

Frey's syndrome is treated by severing tympanic nerve (which carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from glossopharyngeal nerve

Front 41

Origin of sympathetic preganglionic fibers?

Back 41

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers originate from lateral horn of spinal cord (T1/T2 for those that course to superior cervical ganglion)

Front 42

What route do the sympathetic preganglionic fibers leave the spinal cord?

Back 42

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers exit thru the ventral route of the spinal cord

Front 43

What nerve do the postganglionic sympathetic fibers follow?

Back 43

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers follow the deep petrosal nerve to reach the nasal cavity, orbit, and paranasal sinuses.

Front 44

Where else can postganglionic sympathetic fibers follow besides the deep petrosal nerve?

Back 44

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers can travel in the plexus of nerves around the carotid artery to reach the remaining structures of the head.