H&s 5- Models Of Health Promotion

Front 1

What is health education ?

Back 1

activity that extends knowledge of individuals about maintaining good health and preventing illness

Front 2

What is health promotion ?

Back 2

Incorporates health education and also addresses social factors and public policy

Front 3

What are the 5 approaches to health promotion (Ewles and Simnett (1999))

Back 3

Medical
Behaviour change
Educational
Client-centred
Societal change

Front 4

describe the medical approach

Back 4

-Interventionist
-Seeks to use medical treatment and/or screening to reduce ill health (also called preventive model)
-Seeks to influence health through advice, instructions, persuasion
-Focuses on medical view of health and assumes health professionals are best judges of a person’s needs

Front 5

what are advantages of the medical approach

Back 5

-People sometimes want to be told what to do
-Health experts do have relevant knowledge and expertise

Front 6

what are the disadvantages of the medical approach

Back 6

-Relies on patient compliance with the preventive medical procedures
-Ignores root cause of ill- health
-Risk of victim blaming
-Top-down approach

Front 7

Describe the behaviour change approach

Back 7

Aims to change the behaviour of individuals through persuasion and education
Tends to work well with middle class groups and less well with working class people, so can increase the health gap
Healthy lifestyle is dictated by the health promoter

Front 8

advantages of behaviour change model ?

Back 8

Aims to change behaviour and encourage healthier lifestyle

Front 9

disadvantages

Back 9

-May be seen as too ‘health promoter led’
-People may feel they are being told what to do
-May increase health gap between social classes

Front 10

Describe the educational approach to health promotion

Back 10

-Seeks to provide people with accurate information so they can make informed decisions about their own health
-Closely linked with behaviour change approach
-Gives individuals the right to choose
-Health promoter provides the information the client needs

Front 11

advantages of educational approach

Back 11

-Provides individuals with knowledge to make informed decisions
-Explores attitudes and values
-Freedom to choose

Front 12

disadvantages of educational approach

Back 12

-May not result in a change of behaviour
-Person may not have the skills to use the information given

Front 13

Describe the client-centred approach

Back 13

Involves working with an individual client and helps them identify any changes they wish to make to their lifestyles
Support is then given to help the client to make the changes
Clients are treated as equals
Self-empowerment is key

Front 14

advantages of client-centred approach

Back 14

-Empowers clients
-Clients have the right to set the agenda
-Ethical approach, valuing the right to choose
-Individuals identify their own priorities
-More likely to respond if they set the agenda

Front 15

Disadventages of client centred approach

Back 15

-Ignores obstacles that prevent free and informed decision making
-Issues are only considered if the client identifies them as a concern

Front 16

Describe societal change approach

Back 16

-Seeks to change the physical and social environment and/or the law
-e.g. banning tobacco advertising; banning smoking in public places
-Relies on changing the environment to enable healthier living

Front 17

advantages of societal change approach

Back 17

-Addresses real causes of ill health
-Raises awareness
-Previous Public Health successes indicate effectiveness of the approach

Front 18

disadvantages of societal approach to health promotion

Back 18

-May reduce individual freedom and choice through social regulation
-May discourage individuals from taking responsibility

Front 19

describe Tannahill’s Model of Health Promotion

Back 19

3 intersecting circles of health education, prevention and health protection giving 7 possible dimensions of health promotion:

Front 20

what are the 7 aspects of the circle ?

Back 20

-Preventive services- immunisation
-preventive health education- smoking advice
-preventive health protection- fluoridation of water
-health education for preventive health protection e.g. seat-belt lobbying
-health education e.g. life-skills classes
-health protection e.g. workplace smoking policy
-health education aimed at health protection e.g. campaigning for protective legislation

Front 21

Beatties' model of health of promotion- 1991

Back 21

Front 22

Health persuasion factors

Back 22

advice
education
behaviour change
mass media campaign

Front 23

Personal counselling factors

Back 23

counselling
education
group work

Front 24

Legislative action:

Back 24

policy making and implementation
legislation
health surveillance

Front 25

Community development

Back 25

Lobbying
Action research
Skills sharing and training
Group work
Community development

Front 26

Effective Health Promotion

Back 26

You may need a combination of approaches
Adapt your approach/models to fit with the aim of your health promotion
Also, select the method of promoting health that best suits your aims