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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cis
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Unsaturated, functional group on the same side
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Trans
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Saturated, functional group on opposite sides
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AMDR Fat
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20-35%-
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AMDR kcal from saturated fat
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<10%
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AMDR CHOL/Day
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<300 mg
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What is the packaging device for FA
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Chylomicron
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VLDL
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Mostly TG, major source of energy
-acted on by LPL to free FA from TG for energy production |
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LDL
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High in cholesterol, low in protien
Bad |
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HDL
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High in protein, lower in CHOL
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anything that can be converted to _________ can be converted to ______ and stored as ______
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-Acetyl-coA
-FA -TRIG |
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What is the process for the oxidation of a lipid
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TRIG --> FFA --> beta-oxidation --> acetyl CoA --> Krebs and ETS
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At rest, approx ______ of whole body energy comes from FA
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60%
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Ketones
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byproducts of FA oxidation that are normally quickly oxidized so long as acetyl-coa is present in adequate amounts
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During exercise primary source of lipid energy are ______ and _______
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-IMTG
-Plasma FFA |
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TRIG in monocytes =
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2,500 kcal
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Approx _______- kcal is in adipose tissue
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100,000 kcal
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CPT-1
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A rate limiting step in transport of FA into MIT
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When is glycerol oxidized
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during exercise
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids ________ "compliance", and ________ viscosity of _________
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-Increase
-Decrease -RBCs |
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Carnitine
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A product of AA, marketed as a weight loss supplement
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Ischemia
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Restriction in blood supply to tissue, causing a shortage of oxygen and glucose needed for cellular metabolism
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Target ranges for blood Lipids
-LDL -HDL -TRIG |
<100 mg/dl
> 40 mg/dl <150 mg/dl |
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Dietary strategies to lower blood lipids
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-Reduce fat < 30% Kcal
-<10% saturated fat <300 mg/day of CHOL Reduce sugar intake |
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What is the structure of a protein
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-An amine group H3N (basic)
-Carboxyl group COOH (acidic) -R Group |
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What are the BCAA
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-Isoleucine
-Leucine -Valine |
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How are AA's linked together and how are they broken down
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-Linked through dehydration synthesis
-Broken down through hydrolysis |
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What does pK measure
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pK determines charge across the AA at physiological pH
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Levels of protein structure
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-Primary
-Secondary: alpha helix and beta strand -Tertiary: secondary structure folded on itself -Quaternary: two separate proteins that come together |
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What is PDCAA
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Numeric rating of the completeness of a protein
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What does a higher PDCAA indicate
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more supportive of positive N balance
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What are complete proteins
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proteins that contain all essential AAs in an optimal proportion
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Adult RDA for protein
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.8g/kg
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AMDR for protein
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10-35%
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What is TEF
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Thermic effect of food, the digestion process of protein requires much more energy expenditure
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How is the oxidation of BCAA different from AA
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they arent taken up from the blood directly by muscle fibers after a meal, rather than being first taken up by live and distributed to extrahepatic tissue
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The breakdown of all AAs for use as energy begins with ___________ or ____________
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transamination or deamination
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Whats the fate of alpha-keto acids
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-pyruvate
-acetyl coa -intermediates of krebs |
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Proteins are manufactured from FA or CHO as long as ________ is available
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Nitrogen
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How does CHO provide a "protein-sparing" effect
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as sufficient CHO diminishes the requirement to oxidize deaminated AAs
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Why is deamination of AA for oxidation or gluconeogenesis not as favorable process
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because urea formation is metaboically expensive
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Protein requirements for training
-strength-hypertrophy -Endurance trainees |
-1.6-1.7 g/kg
-1.2-1.4 g/kg |
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Explain why protein is 20-25% on a calorie restrictive diet
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want to be on the higher end because it has a higher thermic effect and are not satisfying all of their carb requirements for energy. Body will make more glucose out of amino acids
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Why would you consume protein with CHO before and after training
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Combination appears to limit protein degradation and enhance protein synthesis
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