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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cellular respiration
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The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.
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cytoplasm
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The entire contents of the cell, exclusive of the nucleus, and bounded by the plasma membrane.
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mitochondrion
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An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.
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ATP
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releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed.
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oxidation
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The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
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reduction
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The gaining of electrons by a substance involved in a redox reaction.
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glycolysis
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The splitting of glucose into pyruvate
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Krebs cycle
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completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide
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electron transport chain
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A sequence of electron-carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.
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chemiosmosis
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The production of ATP using the energy of hydrogen-ion gradients across membranes to phosphorylate ADP
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hydrogen ion
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A single proton with a charge of +1.
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enzyme
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A class of proteins serving as catalysts, chemical agents that change the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.
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substrate-level phosphorylation
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The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.
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acetyl CoA
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The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.
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protein
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A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids.
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electronegativity
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The tendency for an atom to pull electrons toward itself.
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mitochondrial matrix
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The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the Krebs cycle.
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ATP synthase
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A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial cristae that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains, using the energy of a hydrogen-ion concentration gradient to make ATP.
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fermentation
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A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain.
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NADH
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The reduced form of nicotinamide that is one of the products of glycolysis.
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