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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Jacks
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*cut in a neck or to open the end of a bubble
*held above the glass *spring or strap end of jacks is used to shape/cool glass |
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Tweezers
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*Pinzette
*used to pinch/pull small bits of glass *add texture *attach bits and handles *shape details in the glass |
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Diamond Sheers
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*have small round opening on tip-used to grasp the hot end of a pipe/punty
*diamond shaped blades below- pinch glass together to make small cut mark |
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Trimming Sheers
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*come in various sizes
*used to cut hot glass, and trim lip of a vessel *cut only very hot glass with sheers |
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Blocks
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*made from fruitwood, soaked in water
*shape fresh hot gather into a round even ball *form a cool skin on the surface of the bubble that helps it blow out evenly *always store under water, if they dry out, they will crack |
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Wet Newspaper or Wet Cork
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*used like a soft block which you can shape/cool glass with
*have paper wet enough to prevent from burning, but not so wet it falls apart |
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Puffers
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*used to blow air into the open end of a bubble after it has been put on punty
*Soffieta |
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Paddles
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*wooden(fruitwood)-used to flatten bottom of a vessel
*provide heat shield for the gaffer's arm, face, or body *heat shielding = critical to safe and painless glassblowing |
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Blow Pipes
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*hollow, stainless steel, come in various shaft and tip diameters
**use larger pipe to blow a larger piece |
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Punty Rods
*don't bend the pipes or puntys |
*pontil (Latin)-hollow in shaft, solid at tip
*used to deliver hot bits and handles and to support piece when removed from pipe (to finish top half of piece) |
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Molds
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*made from wood,plaster,graphite,sand,metal
*some are used in production to make each piece the same size and shape *others are used to put stripes or texture in glass *always shape glass as close to shape of mold as possible before you blow into it |
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Marver
*keep marvers covered when not in use |
*stone/metal table used to shape /cool glass
*small marvers in shop are for picking up colored frits and powders *big marvers should be clean/polished to prevent marks in surface of glass |
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Torches
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*used at the bench to provide spot heat
*Using a gas torch near hot glass-advanced students only w/ instructors permission |
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Specialty Tools
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*many custom made tools are used to make very specific objects
*footing tools to put on wine glasses, finishing tools to make a bottle that a cork will fit in |
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Hand Tools
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*most burns are from touching hot steel
*all metal tools retain heat for 3 minutes after contact w/ hot glass *serious burns=touching wrong end of metal tools *put recently used pipes,puntys in proper blow off buckets(cool end up) *keep bench neat (hot tools facing back of bench *put handles on graphite paddles and rods *never leave hot tools on floor/marver *as metal cools, any glass stuck to-that metal will blow off *keep level of glass in blow off buckets down to 1/4 full-so flying chips stay in bucket *put used pipes and puntys in blow off buckets after you break piece off |
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Annealing Ovens
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*ovens,lehrs-heated w/ high voltage electric coils
*primary dangers-electric shock, burns from hot bricks,metal frames,flying chips *Get help from partner when putting pieces into lehr (use fire gloves to put pieces away *If you put a blowpipe/punty in oven(don't touch heating coils-strong electric shock will result *If you remove a hot piece from lehr, use gloves, put in blow off bucket *if you remove hot bricks from lehr, use gloves,place on floor out of way. *Draw circle around them w/ chalk, label Hot Bricks *never put anything but glass/bricks into lehr w/o instructor permission |
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The Furnaces and Glory Holes
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*never try to adjust/light furnaces/glory hole unless you have seen demonst. and understand each step
*always open air valve first(to blow out accumulated gas)before attempting to light furnace/gh *always have lit flame(newspaper torch)under burner tip before opening gas valve *always stand to side of the piece of equip. you are lighting *if s/t makes furnace/gh keep going out, get help from instructor *never leave door to furnace/gh open-causes blow out *shut doors to furnaces/gh gently |
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Steam Burns
*water and hot glass make very hot steam! |
*cut corners off wet newspaper, hold paper so steam will be directed away from your wrists
*when blowing in wet molds, make sure your partner is clear of steam-will be released from mold *Blowing in wet mold makes Back pressure- cause piece and blowpipe to shoot out of mold (can chip and even loose teeth if you aren't careful) *Never put a hot blowpipe in water as steam will shoot up pipe and squirt UNLESS you cap end w/ thumb *Use caution when scraping old glass into water. Too much hot glass- cause boiling water and steam to slop out of the bucket onto floor, feet-burning you *wood blocks-cause steam burns, shake all water out of blocks before touching them to glass |
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Partner Awareness
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*most dangerous part- can be blowing your partner
*always know where your partner is while working *If you are moving thgh studio, assist partner, or any reason, make sure they see you *If you walk behind blower at furnace/gh/marv shout Behind You *Ask partner if they need help before you leave studio. Benching, glove piece into lehr, want a bit brought *make a dry run thgh any move. Communicate before you act *if you have a fight w/ partner-make up. *No friends, strangers,former students in shop unless instructor is present *be sure area is clear before you swing out a piece on blowpipe Never swing out a piece on punty |
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Cullet and Batch Charging
(use stainless steel scoop only, to charge batch/cullet) |
*primary danger- inhaling glass/batch dust, cutting your fingers, eye hazard from flying chips
*always wear respirator while sifting cullet/ charging batch *use scoop to remove cullet from barrels, not your hands *use caution and wear eye protection and gloves when scooping batch/cullet into furnace |
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Casting safety
(leather gloves are best for e/t except putting hot casting into lehr |
*sand,mold casting require special safety measures. Don't attempt to cast glass w/o instructor approval
*always sift sand before use *remove all hot sand from box asap after casting (save in wood/metal container) *clear ladle in water bucket *don't use metal oxides,lead,aluminum,toxic materials in casting *always wear eye protection and gloves |
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Studio hazards
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*most serious health hazards- lung hazards from glass dust, toxic smoke, eyehazards-heat,flying glass, uv and infer red light
*burns from hot glass, metal, cuts from sharp glass, fatigue from heat *always wear respirator while sifting cullet, bagging/charging batch,sweeping studio, cleaning ovens, using glass powder *always wear eye protection in shop *always wear leather/fire proof gloves while handling glass,ladles,charging scoops,sharp glass *never bring any heavy metals into studio w/o instruc. permission *never bring anything made from asbestos in studio *never put anything in contact w/ hot glass,in hot oven,except bricks/Kugler color, w/o instrc. permission *never bring food/drink into blowing area of the studio *wash hands when done *Don't blow glass if you are having a bad day *rest before each piece *wear cotton clothing, hair back, no sandals |