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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What physical barriers exist as part of host defense?
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- skin
- mucosa (with mucus) - cilia - tears, sweat, saliva |
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Why is the normal microbiota important?
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The "good guys" keep the "bad guys" from taking over, also part of the host defense
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Neutrophils
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- initial warriors
- phagocytes - basically just eat, kill, and die - short lived - job is to PHAGOCYTOSE and KILL |
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Monocytes / macrophages
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- long lived
- make cytokines PHAGOCYTOSE and KILL - bring about the host response (fever) by making cytokines - are antigen presenting cells of the adaptive immune system |
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What is the complement system?
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- basically an amplifier of the immune response from the host
- bring in polys to eat and kill bugs |
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What is the role of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF in host response?
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- fever
- recruit cells for the immune response - change iron metabolism (so bugs can't use it for growth) |
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What is the cardinal sign of infection?
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FEVER!!!
- part of the acute phase response |
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What happens during an acute phase response?
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- FEVER!
- liver makes acute phase proteins - iron taken away from bugs - inflammation |
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What is the difference between fever and hyperthermia?
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- Fever: regulated physiologic response
- hyperthermia: DISREGULATED response to environment |
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How is fever controlled?
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- controlled by the anterior hypothalamus
- cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF) |
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What happens to the body's set point in hypothermia, hyperthermia, and fever?
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hypothermia: same set point (core temp lower)
hyperthermia: same set point (core temp higher) Fever: SET POINT AND BODY TEMPERATURE BOTH HIGHER THAN NORMAL! |
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How is the set point in temperature increased during fever?
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by cytokines
(regulated response) |
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What is a major benefit of the febrile response?
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- recognize when people are infected
- helpful for survival |
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Describe the cycle of fever
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- bacteria tell the body to produce pyrogens (cytokines)
- the hypothalamus increases the set point - body is cold, shivers, chills, vasoconstriction - increase in body temp - stimulus decreases - sweat |
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How does fever affect cytokine production and iron availability?
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- increases cytokine activation
- decreases iron availability |
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Why wouldn't an inductotherm work in inducing a febrile response?
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- doesn't raise the body's set point or bring about an increase in the acute phase response
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Should doctors actively try to decrease fever?
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Probably not, unless pt experiencing heart failure or seizures
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How should fever be decreased if necessary?
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- can decrease the body set point using tylenol or aspirin
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NOTE: cooling blankets DON'T WORK (only good for hyperthermia)
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