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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Age |
Def: Infants and elderly have increased susceptibility and/or severity of disease Category of Defense: General Barrier Cooperation with other host defense: No |
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Nutrition |
Def: malnutrition increases susceptibility and/or severity of disease Category of Defense: General Barrier Cooperation with other host defense: No |
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Genetics |
Def: Innate immunity =human cannot get certain animal diseases Within humans, mutations can affect susceptibility to microbial disease Category of Defense: General Barrier Cooperation with other host defense: No |
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Fever |
Def: Increase in thermal “set point” above 98.6 oF or 37 oC Induced by pyrogens-e.g. endotoxins Category of Defense: General Barrier Cooperation with other host defense: No |
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Iron-binding proteins |
Def: -ferritin in liver, spleen, red bone marrow -transferrin in blood -lactoferrin in tears, saliva and mucus -protect by reducing available iron required for pathogen growth Category of Defense: Chemical Barrier Cooperation with other host defense: No |
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Lysozyme |
Def: -enzyme found in saliva, mucus, tears and sweat -degrades peptidoglycan Category of Defense: Chemical Barrier Cooperation with other host defense: No |
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Interferons |
Def: -glycoproteins made and secreted by host cells that are invaded by certain viruses -once released, travel to other host cells, protects them from the virus (prevents viral replication) Category of Defense: Chemical Barrier Cooperation with other host defense: Yes |
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Complement Protein C3a |
Def: -stimulates the release of histamine from white blood cells (wbcs) called basophils (mast cells), histamine enhances inflammation (part of Bio barriers) Category of Defense: Chemical Barrier Cooperation with other host defense: C3a and C3b both provide protection |
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Complement Protein C3b |
Def: -attaches to pathogen causing: OPSONIZATION -stimulates insertion of Membrane Attack Complex Category of Defense: Chemical Barrier Cooperation with other host defense: C3a and C3b both provide protection |
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The normal microbiota |
Def: non-pathogenic microbes that are expected to live on the host (the usual “residents”) ~100 trillion from 500-1000 different species (primarily bacteria) Category of Defense: Biological Barrier Cooperation with other host defense: No |
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Macrophages |
Def: -compose 2-10% of total wbc population, primary phagocytes -speed to reach the site of infection/intoxication is slower, but, remain the longest and most effective at ingesting pathogens/toxins Category of Defense: Non-specific defense Cooperation with other host defense: No |
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Neutrophils |
Def: -compose 50-70% of total wbc pop. (most numerous) -speed to reach the site of infection/intoxication is rapid, but not as effective as macrophages Category of Defense: Non-specific defense Cooperation with other host defense: No |
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Eosinophils |
Def: -compose 1-4% of total wbc pop. -considered only weakly phagocytic, but secrete toxins that protect against some parasitic worms Category of Defense: Non-specific defense Cooperation with other host defense: No |
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Basophils |
Def: -compose < 1% of total wbc pop.(least numerous) -role as phagocytes is unclear, may only be weakly phagocytic, but secrete histamine which enhances inflammation Category of Defense: Non-specific defense Cooperation with other host defense: No |
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Natural Killer Cells |
Def: a small subset of lymphocyte wbcs with non-specific recognition (most lymphocytes are part of specific defenses) -recognize host cells that do not display the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Category of Defense: Non-specific defense Cooperation with other host defense: No |
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Plasma cells |
Def: -make and secrete antibodies (proteins) at rate of ~2000/second for 4-5 days, then die -each antibody binds the same epitope as the original B Cell Category of Defense: Antibody Mediated Immunity Cooperation with other host defense: No |
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Memory B cells |
Def: -long-lived, remain in host, if same antigen returns in future, mount a stronger, faster, longer-lasting response (vaccinations) -in antibody mediated immunity Category of Defense: Antibody Mediated Immunity Cooperation with other host defense: No |
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Cytotoxic T cells |
Def: -kill “problematic” host cell by -secrete Perforins = create holes causing lysis -secrete Lymphotoxins = degrade host cell DNA -secrete Tumor Necrosis Factor = stimulates host cell apoptosis (suicide) Category of Defense: Cell Mediated Immunity Cooperation with other host defense: No |
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Helper T cells |
Def: -stimulate proliferation and actions of other T and B Cells, enhance antibody production by B Cells, enhance actions of non-specific defenses Category of Defense: Cell Mediated Immunity Cooperation with other host defense: Yes |
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Suppressor/Regulator T cells |
Def: -release signals (cytokines) that inhibit further actions of immune cells once pathogens/toxins are gone Category of Defense: Cell Mediated Immunity Cooperation with other host defense: No |
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Memory T cells |
Def: -long-lived, remain in host and wait for same antigen to return, mount the stronger, faster, longer-lasting response -in cell mediated immunity Category of Defense: Cell Mediated Immunity Cooperation with other host defense: No |
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Opsonization |
"to make tasty" Acts like handles to facilitate engulfment, destruction of pathogen by phagocytes (part of bio barriers) -simulates insertion of membrane attack complex |
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Membrane Attack Complex (MAC) |
Composed of C5-C9 & creates holes in the pathogen leading to lysis |
