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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What meds increase lipids?
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- BCPs
- diuretics - Beta Blockers - HIV Drugs - Accutane |
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What are causes of Secondary Hyperlipidemia?
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- Nephrotic
- Hypothyroidism - EtOH - DM |
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TG have to be below?
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150
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HDL is low when it is below?
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<40
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What is the optimal LDL?
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70
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What hyperlidemia is associated w/ type I?
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lipoprotein lipase def.
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What hyperlidemia is associated w/ type II?
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no LDL receptors
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What hyperlidemia is associated w/ type IV?
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lipids assoc w/ DM, EtOH, BCPs
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What is associated w/ type V?
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hyperchylomicronemia
poss w/ DKA |
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What is a good amount of fiber?
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20-30grams/day
soluble fiber is better |
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What are contraindicated in hypertriglyceridemia?
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Bile Acid Sequestrants
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What are bile acid sequestrants used for?
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Flusing in cholestasis
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What drug gives you flushing?
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Niacin
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What are the S/E of niacin?
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liver toxicity, flushing, glucose intolerance
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What are the effects of niacin on lipids?
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increase HDL
decrease TG |
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When do you use fibrates?
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pure hypertriglyceridemia
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What causes an increase risk of lung cancer in smokers?
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Antioxidant beta carotene
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What is PAN associated w/?
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hep B + Cryoglobulinemia
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Tx for PAN?
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Steroids
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What is palpable purpura?
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vasculitis of some type
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- Abdominal Pain
- Rash - Hematuria - in a kid after URI? |
Henoch Schonlein Purpura
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- Sinusitis
- hemoptysis - renal failure |
Wegener's Granulomatosis
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What is the serologic marker for Wegener's?
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c-ANCA
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Tx for Wegener's?
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Cytoxan and steroids
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- Old woman
- HA - Jaw Claudication - Visual disturb.? - PMR (polymyalgias) |
Temporal Arteritis
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What is the assoc w/ Temporal Arteritis?
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PMR (polymyalgia reumatica)
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What is the Tx of Temporal Arteritis?
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Steroids
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What is the Dx of Temporal Arteritis?
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Biopsy
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What is the Tx of Raynaud's?
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Calcium Blockers
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What can you find w/ Raynaud's Phenomenom?
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CREST
anti-centromere Abs |
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Kaposi Sacroma is associated w/?
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HSV-8 in HIV
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Accentuated A2?
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Systemic HTN
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Accentuated P2?
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Pulmonary HTN
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Paradoxically split S2?
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LBBB
left bunble branch block |
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LBBB
left bunble branch block? |
Paradoxically split S2
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Fixed Splitting of S2?
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ASD
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What do you find in ASD?
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Fixed Splitting of S2
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S3 equals?
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systolic CHF
volume overload |
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S4 equals?
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LVH
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Systolic Click?
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MVP
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Loud S1, ***opening snap, diastolic rumble?
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mitral stenOsis
opening |
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machinery murmur?
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PDA
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Tx for PDA?
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indomethacin (closes it)
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Corrigan's Pulse?
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Aortic Regurg
or Sepsis |
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Waterhammer pulse?
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Aortic Insufficency or Sepsis
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Pulsus paradoxicus?
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- Asthma
- Pericardial Tamponade - Poss. w/ constrictive pericarditis |
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What is Pulsus Paradoxicus?
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drop in BP > 10mmHG on inspiration
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Cannon a waves?
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- tricuspid stenOsis
- pericardial tampOnade - complete AV blOck -arrythmias |
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Prominent "v" wave?
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tricuspid regurg.
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What is Kussamuls sign?
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Inspiratory Rise in Jugulars
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Where do we find Kussmaul's Sign?
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constrictive pericarditis
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Low Ejection Fraction?
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Systolic CHF
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What is the Tx for systolic CHF?
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ACE inhib. then Beta Blockers
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What is characteristic of diastolic CHF?
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normal to high E.F.
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What is the Rx for diastolic CHF?
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Beta Blockers 1st line
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Shown to decrase death in class III or IV CHF?
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Spironolactone
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What to use CHF in blacks?
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BilDil
(hydralazine+ nitrate combo) |
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What decreases mortality in CHF in blacks?
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hydralazine + nitrate
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What is high output failure on the exam?
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- Graves
- AV fistula - Beri-beri |
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What is the #1 Cause of Death in the US?
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MI
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What is the test used to rule out CAD in atypical Chest pain?
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physiological test w/ thallium
NOT ETT (Exercise Treadmill Test) |
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Woman w/ chest pain?
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Prinzmetal's angina
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What is responsible for Prinzmetal's?
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coronary spasm
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Tx for Prinzmetal's?
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Calcium Channel Blockers
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What does unstable angina mean?
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any change in quality or quantity of angina
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