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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What major plant families are used in agriculture and what are several examples of each?
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Rose: apples, plums, pears, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries
•Nightshade: potatoes, peppers, tomatoes, eggplant, tomatillo, ground cherry •Umbel: carrots, parsley, dill, •Mustard: radish, cabbage, broccoli, brussels sprouts, mustard seed •Grass: corn, rice, wheat, oats, barley •Cucurbits: cucumber, squash, pumpkin, gourd •Legumes: beans, lentils, chickpeas, fava, peas |
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discuss several plants which are still collected in the wild for human usage. What are the uses?
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Cinnamon : spice for flavor Brazil Nuts : food Ginseng : a dietary supliment that is used to help mental sharpness Foxglove : flower for decoration Algae (Nori) : sushi Fungi : food Rosy periwinkle : helps fight cancer Pacific Yew : helps fight cancer
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Discuss Plant uses and examples of plants and their uses.
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•Medicine: Echinacea for Immunity
•Dyestuff: Hemp •Lumber: Dimension lumber is strong and flexible •Landscaping: Flowers like the Zinnia, forget-me-not , and Pansy. Fountain grass. •Herbs and Spices: Parsley, Sage, Rosemary, and Thyme •Animal Feed: Oats for cattle since middle ages |
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Discuss several plants which were created or “manufactured” for specific uses.
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•Sugar Beets—18th C. The Napoleonic Wars
•Ginger—Doesn’t set seed •Corn (maize)—No wild corn, just teosinte •Glowing crops—I need water! |
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Discuss several plants which need to be significantly processed before they can be eaten:
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Olives: they need to lose their alkaloids before they are eaten
Manioc (Cassava) : Has Cyanide Durian: stinks Ginkgo: stinks Persimmon: will make you pucker Quince: will make you pucker |
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What sort of plant is Necessary for the development of civilization
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• Their food culture is based on some form of starch
• The source of the starch can be grown en mass on a seasonal basis • The dishes made from the starch are generally very palatable • The starch can be stored dried above ground or in the ground during off season Examples: • Mexico and Mesoamerica: Corn • South America: Quinoa, Cassava, and Potatoes • China and Southeast Asia: Rice and Millet • Europe and Mideast: Wheat, Oats and Barley • Hawaii: Taro Note: Most of these grains are paired with a legume with complimentary amino acids which make a complete protein |
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Discuss how soil develops
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Soil is a product of weathering and consists of mineral, organic matter and pore spaces.
Mechanical Weathering: The physical break up of rocks without changing their composition. E.g. frost action, frost wedging, waves crashing against a cliff. Chemical Weathering: The breakdown of minerals via the chemical reaction with water. E.g. rusting of iron. Depends upon the ability of the mineral to dissolve. Silicates are generally more resistant to chemical weathering. Another factor important in chemical weathering is climate (temperature and precipitation). Tropical and humid climates accelerate the rate of weathering as opposed to temperate ones. |
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Draw a soil profile, label the horizons, and discuss what is in each one of them
Soil Profiles and Horizons: |
O-Horizon: Upper most layer. The organic horizon.
A-Horizon: Dark colored soil. Contains humus. Also called the Zone of Loss/Leaching. B-Horizon: Accumulation of materials lost from A-Horizon. Also called the Zone of Gain. C-Horizon: Incompletely weathered parent material below the B-Horizon. |
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Discuss the various sizes of soil particles and what they add to the texture of soil:
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Texture: Soil texture refers to the size fragments in the soil. The size fragments are broken down into sand (coarsest), silt (intermediate) and clay (finest).
Soil structure is the shape that the soil takes based on its physical and chemical properties. Each individual unit of soil structure is called a ped. Possible choices of soil structure are: Granular, blocky, coulmnar, prismatic and platy |
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Discuss what a lawn is and how it is created. Why are lawns so difficult to maintain in this area
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A lawn is a field of cultivated and mowed grass. When creating a lawn you will want to test your soil. You want to have a neutral PH level. The soil should have a mix of sand, silt and clay. You can determine the contents of your soil by performing the ribbon test or by taking a sample and add to a jar with water to see the breakdown of soil levels. Lawns are difficult to maintain in this area. Grass that is exposed to snow and ice is more likely to grow mold. Mold can kill off a cultivar of grass. This is a reason it is important to use a grass mix when planting grass. We have many different soil types in this area because of the glacial till we had. Beetles can be bad in this area as well. When you have grubs living under the grass they will attract moles that can destroy a lawn.
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