Horse Muscle

Front 1

How much of an increase in ck post exercise is abnormal

Back 1

greater than 4x baseline

Front 2

muscle biopsy is the definitive test for diagnosis of what 3 diseases

Back 2

1.polysaccharide storage myopathy
2.auto-immune mediated myositis
3.denervation atrophy

Front 3

recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis occurs in what breed?

Back 3

thoroughbred

Front 4

polysaccharide storage myopathy occurs in what breed(s)?

Back 4

quarter horse
draught horses

Front 5

what are the 4 underlying myopathy and 3 non underlying myopathy differentials for profound muscle cramping with exercise and elevated CK post exercise

Back 5

A. 1.recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis
2.polysaccharide storage disorder
3.idiopathic chronic exertional rhabdomyolysis
4.mitochondrial myopathy
B. 1.overexertion
2.vitamin E or Se deficiency
3.electrolyte depletion

Front 6

What are the 2 differentials for horses with altered gait but without underlying myopathy and muscle cramping, with/without elevated CK?

Back 6

1.acute: muscle strain, sprain, tear
2.chronic:fibrotic myopathy

Front 7

What are the 5 differentials for muscle weakness?

Back 7

1.hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
2.myotonia congenita and dystrophica
3.equine motor neuron disease
4.equine polysaccharide storage myopathy in draught horses
5.tick paralysis

Front 8

What are the 4 differentials for generalized muscle wasting (may be accompanied by mild elevations in CK)?

Back 8

1.motor neuron disease
2.streptococcal immune mediatied myosisitis- IgG mediated(strep equi)
3.cachectic atrophy
4. disuse atrophy

Front 9

What are the 3 differentials for segmental muscle wasting?

Back 9

1.neurogenic
2.disuse atrophy
3.fibrotic myopathy

Front 10

What are the 7 differentials for acute rhabdomyolysis with swollen painful musculature +/- recumbency and +/- death?

Back 10

1.severe, acute exercise related rhabdomyolysis
2.Malignant hyperthermia/post anesthetic myopathy
3.sarcocystitis-strep immune mediated myosistis;henoch-schonlein IgA purpura
4.aortic-iliac thrombosis
5.toxic plants
6.Ionophore toxicity

Front 11

What are the 2 most common plants that causes severe acute myopathy?

Back 11

1.cassia occidentalis
2.white snake root

Front 12

What are the 4 most common disorders of neonate muscles?

Back 12

1.white muscle dz
2.foal rhabdomyolysis
3.glycogen branching enzyme deficiency
4.arthrogryposis

Front 13

What is the autosomal dominant trait of quarter horses related to the stallion impressive?

Back 13

hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP)

Front 14

Clinical signs of HYPP apear in horses with a K of _____

Back 14

5.5-12

Front 15

You see a 2.5 year old quarter horse that just started with intermittent episodes of muscle fasciculations, spasms, third eyelid prolapse, weakness, respiratory stridor, myotonia, and occasion episodes of recumbency. You notice that the episodes begin with tranisent muscle conctraction followed by skeletal muscle flaccidity. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Back 15

HYPP

Front 16

How do you screen for HYPP?

Back 16

DNA test of hair or blood.

Front 17

How do you treat an HYPP horse that has a mild attack?

Back 17

1.exercise the horse-stimulates adrenalin which moves K back into cells
2.feed grain-increase blood gulcose which releases insulin which moves K back into cells
3.administer acetazolamide orally-causes K renal excretion

Front 18

What is the emergency treatment for HYPP severe attacks?

Back 18

1.IV catheter and administer 23% calcium gluconate (150cc in 1-2 L of 5% glucose/500Kg).-majority will respond immediately and stand up
2.If no response follow with 1L of 5% sodium bicarbonate
3.no response- give 3L 5%dextrose IV, and montior K levels

Front 19

How do you prevent HYPP episodes?

Back 19

1.homo- acetazolamide
2.hetero- often maintained on low K diets

Front 20

What are 2 known causes of viral myositis?

Back 20

influenza A2 and EHV

Front 21

What is the most common cause of infectious myositis?

Back 21

clostridial-perfringes, septicum, or chaucoei

Front 22

You see a 3month old foal that presents for weakness, inability to rise/suckle/swallow, dysspenea, cardiac arrhythmias, and myoglobinuria. The foal looks spetic and has marked muscle atrophy. Blood work shows hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperkalemia. with elevated CK/AST. What is a likey diagnosis?

Back 22

white muscle dz

Front 23

You see a 7 year old quarter horse that presents for weight loss and muscle atrophy. You notice that the horse stands with a base narrow stance with the tail elevated. The horse appears to have a normal gait when walked but shows muscle tremors when made to stand still. You do a fundic exam and notice a mosaic pattarn to the tapetal zone, and a horizontal band of pigment at the junction of the tapteum and nontapetum. Blood work shows elevations in CK and AST. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Back 23

motor neuron dz caused by chronic vitamin E deficiency.

Front 24

what the onset of action and durtion of
lidocaine
carbocaine
bupivicine

Back 24

lidocaine-short onset and duration(1-2hrs)
carbocaine-short onset and medium duration
bupicicaine-longer onset and duration (3-8hrs)

Front 25

pastern ring block region desensitized?

Back 25

mid pastern and below(blocks dorsal branch)
used instead of high PD
foot and pastern and coffin joints

Front 26

basi-sesamoid block region desensitized

Back 26

pastern and foot
blocks more of palmar pastern than ring block
usually not combined with ring block

Front 27

abaxial sesamoid block region desensitized

Back 27

entire palmar pastern and foot
may desensitize sesamoid bones and fetlock joint

Front 28

low 4/6 point block region desensitized

Back 28

distal metacarpal and below

Front 29

high 4 point region desensitized

Back 29

metacarpus or tarus
can desensitize two distal carpal joints
origin of suspensory?
tarsal joints?