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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Thyroxine
Gland or cell? Chemical Composition ? Target organ ? Main effect/ action? |
Gland or cell: Thyroid gland Chemical Composition: Amino acid derivative hormone Target organ: Bone and general cells of the body Main effect / action: Increases metabolism |
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Erthropoietin
Gland or cell? Chemical Composition ? Target organ ? Main effect/ action? |
Gland or cell: Kidney Chemical Composition:Glycoprotein Target organ: Bone marrow Main effect / action: stimulates RBC formation |
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Growth Hormone
Gland or cell? Chemical Composition ? Target organ ? Main effect/ action? |
Gland: Pituitary Chemical composition: Peptides Target organs: Many (all body targets) Action: bone and muscle growth, regulates protein, lipid and CHO use |
P P Many Bone and MX growth Regulates Macronurients use |
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Vasopressin
Gland or cell? Chemical Composition ? Target organ ? Main effect/ action? |
Gland: Pituitary Chemical composition: Peptides Target organs: Kidneys and sweat glands Action: presents dehydration |
Acts on sweat glands and kidney to prevent dehydration |
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Testosterone
Gland or cell? Chemical Composition ? Target organ ? Main effect/ action? |
Gland or cell: Testes Chemical composition: steroid hormone Target organ: general body cells Main effect/ action: determines second sex charteristics and plays minor role in spermatogenesis |
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Cortisol
Gland or cell? Chemical Composition ? Target organ ? Main effect/ action? |
Gland or cell: Adrenal cortex Chemical Composition: steroid hormone Target organ: General body cells Main effect / action: Increases blood glucose levels |
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Adrenaline
Gland or cell? Chemical Composition ? Target organ ? Main effect/ action? |
Gland or cell: Adrenal Medulla Chemical Composition: Amino acid derivative hormone Target organ: Blood vessels, liver and heart Main effect / action: Increases blood glucose levels |
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Aldosterone:
Gland or cell? Chemical Composition ? Target organ ? Main effect/ action? |
Gland or cell: Adrenal Cortex Chemical Composition: Steroid Hormone Target organ: Kidney Main effect / action: Allows retention of Na+, and release of K+; increases blood pressure |
Aldosterone - allows retention of Na+ and release of K+; increases blood pressure (Sodium and Potassium) |
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Insulin
Gland or cell? Chemical Composition ? Target organ ? Main effect/ action? |
Gland or cell: Pancreas Chemical Composition: Peptide hormone Target organ: Liver, muscles and general cells of the body Main effect / action: decreases blood glucose levels |
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Glucagon
Gland or cell? Chemical Composition ? Target organ ? Main effect/ action? |
Gland or cell: Pancreas Chemical Composition: Peptide hormone Target organ: Liver Main effect / action: Increases blood glucose levels |
Target organ is the liver so that the liver can release glucagon to increase blood glucose levels |
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Describe the Oxygen Haemoglobin saturation curve and identify 2 factors that cause the curve to shift left or right. |
A: Hemoglobin O2 saturation is ~ 98%. The hemoglobin saturation curve illustrates the saturation of hemoglobin with O2 at various PO2 values including alveolar – capillary gas at sea level The curve can shift to the left if the PO2 (partial alveolar pressure) is higher than normal. (When cold) The curve can shift to the left if the PO2 (partial alveolar pressure) is higher than normal. (When hot, increased acidity) |
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What is the Respiratory exchange ratio (RER or RQ) how is it calculated and what does it represent in terms of nutrient metabolism. |
R = rate of CO2 produced / Rate of O2 consumed = VCO2/VO2 RER of 1.00 100% carbohydrate use RER between these two number means both fats and CHO are been used as a fuel source. |
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Identify the three main muscle fibre types and describe a chronic adaptation that each would undergo following a period of targeted training. |
1. Type 1 (slow) oxidative Type 1 muscle fibers: Increase in both the size and number of mitochondria Type 2a muscle fibers: Enhanced oxidative profile. Type 2x or 2b : numbers of myofibrils and actin and myosin filaments increase (up to 45% size increase), resulting in more cross-bridges.
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Describe the 5 stages that define the physiological response pathway and provide an example of negative feedback regulation during exercise. |
1. Homeostatic disturbance 1. Exercise leads to a decrease in phosphate (PC) energy stores within the muscle. |
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What key factors affect a person’s basal metabolic rate? |
A: Factors affecting BMR are as followed;
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