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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the general functions of hormones?
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extracellular fluid
metabolism biological clock contraction of cardiac & smooth muscle glandular secretion some immune functions |
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"Which lobe are special neuroglial cells called pituicytes found?"
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"posterior"
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"What lobe of the pituitary gland constitutes the smaller?"
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"posterior lobe at 25%"
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"What lobe constitutes the larger part of the pituitary gland?"
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"anterior"
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"Where is the pituitary gland found?"
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"in sella turcica of sphenoid"
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"Where does the hypothalamus receive input?"
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"cortex
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"What are the master endocrine glands?"
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"hypothalamus and pituitary gland"
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"Where and what occurs during positive feedback?"
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"Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions
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"What local hormones act on the same cells that secrete them?"
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"autocrine"
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"What local hormone acts on neighboring cells?"
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"paracrine"
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Which lobe has ends of axons of 10,000 neurons found in hypothalamus?
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posterior
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What lobe of the pituitary gland has special neuroglial cells called pituicytes?
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posterior
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Are produced by thryotrophs, regulated by the hypothalamus; stimulate T3, T4 and the metabolic rate.
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TSH
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This releasing hormone from the hypothalamus controls gonadotrophs and stimulates the secretion of estrogen and sperm.
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FSH
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This hormone is responsible for the formation of corpus luteum and progesterone in females and the stimulation of interstitial cells to secrete testosterone.
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LH (leutinizing)
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These hormones regulate the secretion of milk from the breast.
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Prolactin - lactotrophs
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Are secreted by corticotrophs and stimulate cells of the adrenal cortex that produce glucocorticoids.
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ACTH
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Secreted by corticotroph cells, this hormone increases its release From the anterior pituitary; Function not certain in humans
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Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone
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This hormone targets both the uterine (contraction) and the mammary glands (milk secretion)
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oxytocin
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The stimulation of the uterus by baby from the secretion of oxytocin during labor is what example of feedback?
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positive
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Also known as vasopressin, its function is to decrease urine production, decrease sweating, and
increase BP |
ADH
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How is ADH regulated?
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During dehydration, ADH is released.
During overhydration, ADH is inhibited |
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These thyroid hormones responsible for our metabolic rate, synthesis of protein, breakdown of fats, use of glucose for ATP production
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T3 + T4
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This thyroid hormone is responsible for building of bone & stops reabsorption of bone (lower blood levels of Calcium)
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calcitonin
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Describe the negative feedback of T3 and T4:
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Low blood levels of hormones stimulate hypothalamus
It stimulates pituitary to release TSH TSH stimulates gland to raise blood levels |
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What is the antagonist of calcitonin?
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-parathyroid hormone.
increase activity of osteoclasts increases reabsorption of Ca2+ by kidney inhibits reabsorption of phosphate (HPO4)-2 promote formation of calcitriol (vitamin D3) by kidney which increases absorption of Ca2+ and Mg2+ by intestinal tract |
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What increases hormone secretion by the adrenal medulla?
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acetalcholine
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Where do endocrine cells secrete?
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Near a capillary immediately
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Low blood glucose stimulates release of _____________.
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glucagon
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High blood glucose stimulates secretion of _________.
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insulin
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Melatonin is responsible for setting of biological clock; where is it found?
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pineal gland
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