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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Thyroid Hormone
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-Called Thyroxins
-Affect cell differentiation, growth and metabolism -Steroid hormone |
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Thyroxins effects include:
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-generation of heat and energy (metabolism)
-development of brain tissue -stimulating muscle growth and development |
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Hyperthyroidsm
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-Too much Thyroxine= higher metabolic rate
-feeling hot, loss of weight, chest pain, muscle weakness and fluid behind the eyes |
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Hyprthyroidism
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-Deficiency of Thyroxine= slow metabolic rate
-fatigue, weight gain, sensitivity to the cold, muscle cramps, poor concentration and puffiness around the eyes. |
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Growth Hormones
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-Somatotrophin
-Too much leads to Gigantism (child) or Acromegaly (adult) -Too little leads to dwarfism |
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Hormone Classification
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Hormones are classified according to the distance they travel
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Endocrine Hormone
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-travel in the blood
-bind to DISTANT target cells -secreted by endocrine glands -eg. insulin, glucagon |
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Paracrine Signals
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-act locally on neighbouring cells
-diffuse to target cells -released into the tissue fluid -destroyed soon after secretion -eg. defence signals for immunity |
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Autocrine signals
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-act on the same cell/same cell type
-for developmental processes -important for cell differentiation -localised effect -eg. cancer cell growth |
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Contact-dependent signalling
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-between cells in direct contact
-only cells that come in contact with cell surface signals will respond -involved in cell development and differentiation -eg. used by the immune system |
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Prostaglandins
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-Fatty acid hormone
-Involved with digestion, blood clotting and smooth muscle contraction. -Cause vasodilation (bleeding) and inflammation in response to injury |
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How does aspirin relieve pain?
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It suppresses the release of prostaglandins. This reduces the pain.
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Pheromones
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-chemicals emitted by living organisms
-sends messages to individuals of the same species -are species specific -act as sex attractants (female secretes) |