Bio 6-7

Front 1

types of active transport (old)

Back 1

-Pumps
Sodium Potassium Pump: (3
Na+out/2 K+ into the cell;
important in nerve transmission)
-Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
-Exocytosis

Front 2

types of passive transport (old)

Back 2

-Diffusion
-Osmosis
-Facilitated Diffusion- usage of a membrane spanning protein (to help move larger molecules?)

Front 3

active transport (old)

Back 3

movement of a substance
across a membrane
against its concentration gradient,

helped by transport proteins that
REQUIRE ENERGY

Front 4

passive transport (old)

Back 4

diffusion of a substance
across a biological membrane
using no energy

Front 5

enzyme action (old)

Back 5

speeds up chemical reactions

Front 6

activation energy (old)

Back 6

energy needed to start a reaction

Front 7

catalysts (old)

Back 7

increases rate of a chemical reaction without permanent chemical changing of itself

Front 8

Hypotinic (old)

Back 8

-less solute outside than in
-a solution causing a cell to take in water

Front 9

isotonic (old)

Back 9

equal amount of solute
(on both sides of the membrane)

Front 10

hypertonic (old)

Back 10

-more solute inside than out
-solution causing a cell to lose water

Front 11

reactants and products of
photosynthesis
in general

Back 11

light + water + CO2 = Glucose + Oxygen

Front 12

reactants and products of
each stage of cellular respiriation

Back 12

1. Glycolysis - cytoplasm
Reactants: glucose, 2ATP, 4ADP
Products: 2 pyruvate, 4ATP, 2NADH, 2H+, 2ADP

2. Pyruvate Oxidation - mitochondrial matrix
Reactants: 2 pyruvate, 2NAD+, 2CoA
Products: 2acetyl-CoA, 2NADH, 2H+, 2CO2

3. Krebs cycle - mitochondrial matrix and inner mitochondrial membrane
Reactants: 2 acetyl-CoA, 2 oxaloacetate, 6NAD+, 2ADP, 2Pi, 2FAD
Products: 2CoA, 4CO2, 2 oxaloacetate, 6NADH, 6H+, 2FADH2, 2ATP

4. Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis - inner mitochondrial membrane and intermembrane space
Reactants: 6NADH, 2NADH, 2FADH2, 2FADH2, 32ADP, 32Pi, 6 O2, 12H+
Products: 8NAD+, 4FAD+, 24H+, 32ATP, 6H2O

Front 13

reactants and products of
cell respiration
in general

Back 13

Oxygen + sugar = CO2 + H2O + ATP

Front 14

reactants and products of
each stage of photosynthesis

Back 14

Front 15

equation for photosynthesis

Back 15

6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2

Front 16

equation for cell respiration

Back 16

C6H12O6 + 6CO2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

Front 17

Effects of temperature on photosynthesis

Back 17

more as the temperature rises until it hits 33 degrees C, then it drops rapidly

Front 18

Effects of light on photosynthesis

Back 18

more when there's more light until 9,000, then it's constant

Front 19

energy storage in ATP

Back 19

Energy stored in unstable covalent bonds between phosphates
ADP + Phosphate + Energy ➡ ATP

Front 20

final electron acceptor in cell respiration

Back 20

O2

Front 21

Electron carriers of cell respiration

Back 21

NAD+
FAD

Front 22

Electron carrier of photosynthesis

Back 22

NADP+
NAD+

Front 23

Lactic acid fermentation

Back 23

Glycolysis followed by the reduction of pyruvate to lactate, regenerating NAD+

Front 24

Alcoholic fermentation

Back 24

glycolysis followed by the reduction of pyruvate to ethyl alcohol, regenerating NAD+ and releasing CO2

Front 25

Anaerobic cell respiration

Back 25

not requiring oxygen

Front 26

Aerobic cell respiration

Back 26

requiring oxygen
(or sometimes uses oxygen)

Front 27

Parts of mitochondrion

Back 27

inner & outer membrane
inner membrane space
matrix- where the CAC takes place,
cristae- folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane, ETC and chemiosmosis here

Front 28

Parts of chloroplast

Back 28

outer & inner membrane
granum- stack of membrane-bounded thylakoids (plural: grana)
thylakoid- sac-like structures;
light energy ➡ chemical energy
(during light reactions of photosynthesis)
stroma- goopy substance in chloroplasts

Front 29

Pigments

Back 29

light absorbing molecules

Front 30

calvin cycle

Back 30

plants use ATP and NADPH to build high-energy compounds that can be stored for long time periods

Front 31

electron transport chain

Back 31

uses high-energy electrons from the krebs cycle

Front 32

krebs cycle

Back 32

pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions

Front 33

light dependant reactions

Back 33

oxygen gas is produced and ADP & NADP+ are converted to ATP and NADPH