Hooi Test 2 B

Front 1

AP Forearm p 140 – 141

Back 1

Evaluation Criteria:
 Must include wrist and elbow joints.
 Important to include all soft tissue in view.
 Radial head, neck and tuberosity slightly superimposed with proximal ulna

Front 2

Lateral Forearm (Lateromedial Projection) p 142

Back 2

Evaluation Criteria:
 Elbow flexed 90 degrees
 Elbow, wrist, hand in lateral position.
 Epicondyles: superimposed
 Distal ulna & radius: superimposed
 See: soft tissue of forearm from wrist to elbow.
 See: bony trabeculae

Front 3

AP Elbow p 143

Back 3

 Must include all adjacent soft tissue.
 Elbow joint spaces should be open.
 Radial head, neck and tuberosity superimposed over proximal ulna
 No rotation of epicondyles
 Bony trabeculae

Front 4

Lateral Elbow (Lateromedial Projection) p 144 – 145

Back 4

 Soft tissue around elbow must be well visualized: do not over-expose.
 Fat pad signs (C, E) are very important.
 Epicondyles superimposed.
 Elbow flexed 90 degrees

Front 5

Medial (Internal) Oblique Elbow P 146

Back 5

Evaluation Criteria:
 Coronoid process in profile.
 Trochlear, olecreanon process & fossa seen.
 Radial head superimposed over ulna.

Front 6

Lateral (External) Oblique Elbow P 147

Back 6

 Radial head, neck and tuberosity FREE of ulna
 Capitulum (capitellum)
 Open elbow joint

Front 7

Partial Flexion: part one Distal AP Humerus P 148

Back 7

 For distal humerus without rotation or distortion
 Closed elbow joint
 Foreshortened radius and ulna (proximal forearm)

Front 8

Partial Flexion: part two Proximal AP Forearm P 149

Back 8

 For proximal radius and ulna without rotation or distortion
 Partially open elbow joint
 Foreshortened distal humerus

Front 9

Acute Flexion: part 1, AP for distal humerus

Back 9

 Evaluation Criteria:
Forearm and humerus superimposed
No rotation
Olecranon process and distal humerus

Front 10

Acute Flexion: part 2; AP for Proximal Forearm

Back 10

Evaluation Criteria:
 Clear view of proximal radius and ulna.
 Forearm and humerus superimposed
 No rotation

Front 11

Coyle Method: Axiolateral Projection p154 - 156

Back 11

 Coyle Trauma Method of the elbow: useful when fracture of the radial head and coronoid process is suspected.
 Also helpful when patient cannot straighten elbow after significant trauma.
 The Coyle Trauma view and a Lateral view should be the initial views of a trauma elbow when the patient cannot extend arm.

Front 12

Coyle Method: Axiolateral Projection p154 - 156

Back 12

 CR: To demonstrate radial head and capitulum:
- Angle CR 45 degrees toward shoulder
To demonstrate coronoid process and trochlear:
- Angle CR 45 degrees away from shoulder

Front 13

AP Humerus: External Rotation

Back 13

 Must see from shoulder to elbow.
 Epicondyles without rotation
 Humeral head and tubercle (tuberosity) in profile

Front 14

Evaluation Criteria for (AP or PA) Lateral humerus

Back 14

 Image should include entire humerus, plus both joints.
 Epicondyles superimposed.
 Soft tissue of humerus should be seen.

Front 15

AP Shoulder: External Rotation p176

Back 15

Evaluation Critera:
 Glenohumeral joint should be open
 Greater tubercle (tuberosity) and humeral head will be in profile.

Front 16

AP Shoulder: Internal (medial) Rotation p176

Back 16

 Glenohumeral joint should be open
 Lesser tubercle (tuberosity) will be in profile medially.
 Humeral head and greater tubercle will be superimposed.

Front 17

both inferosuperior (Lawrence Method) & superoinferior axillary shoulder positions:

Back 17

 - Coracoid process, pointing anteriorly
 - Lesser tubercle in profile

Front 18

Evaluation Criteria for Y-Scapula:

Back 18

• Best view when fracture or dislocation of shoulder is suspected.
• Humeral head & glenoid fossa superimposed
• Humeral shaft & scapular body superimposed
• Scapular body free of superimposition from ribs
• Medial & vertebral borders superimposed

Front 19

Grashey Method AP Oblique Projection p 192-193

Back 19

 See scapulohumeral joint (joint space between humeral head & glenoid cavity)
 Glenoid cavity in profile.

Front 20

AP or PA Clavicle, p 207

Back 20

Evaluation Criteria:
 Must see both SC and AC Joints
 Must see entire clavicle.

Front 21

AP Axial or PA Axial Clavicle p 210

Back 21

 Must see both SC and AC joints
 Mid clavicle without superimposition of ribs (bony thorax).
 PA view will have less magnification but is more difficult to position.

Front 22

Bilateral Acromioclavicular Joints Pearson Method p 202

Back 22

 See both AC joints, with and without weights, entirely on ONE image (small pts)
 No rotation
 Right & left markers

Front 23

AP Scapula p212

Back 23

 See Glenohumeral joint & entire scapula.
 Lateral border of scapula away from ribs
 Scapula horizontal (in profile) and not obliqued
 Acromion process & inferior angle of scapula

Front 24

Lateral Scapula p 214: For Acromion & Coracoid

Back 24

Evaluation Criteria: anterior or posterior arm placement
 Lateral and medial borders superimposed
 Scapular body pulled away from ribs
 Acromion and Coracoid in profile

Front 25

Lateral Scapula: for Body

Back 25

 Body of scapula shown without superimposition of humerus
 Scapular body pulled away from ribs
 Humeral head superimposed over acromion

Front 26

Recumbent Lateral Scapula p 218

Back 26

Evaluation Criteria: recumbent Scapula
 Scapula slightly obliqued
 Lateral border adjacent to ribs