Honors Western Civ...ch. 6 Important People

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Pythagoras

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early philosopher, “we can find out about the universe and our role in it through math.” (Pythagorean theorem)

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Parmidides

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learned through logic

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Democritus

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everything in the world is made up of paricles

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Socrates

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veteran of the Persian wars. Was a warrior, statesman, thinker. First philosopher concerning society. We all should be questioning and thinking. Questioning is how you learn. Motto: “Know thy self”

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Socratic method

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asking questions. Socrates lived in dangerous times, telling youths to “think for yourself”. He was accused by the fathers in Athens, and was prosecuted. He was put into prison, and a jury found him guilty of poisoning the mind of youth.

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Plato

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Started the Academy, a school where students can go and learn and to think for himself. He created the Theory of Forms

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Theory of forms

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the only things in the world that are perfect are the ideas of them, the image you have in your head of them

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Aristotle

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"Greatest thinker of all time" Science, Organization, Classification, Zoology, Medicine. He was the tutor of the greatest military mind, Alexander the Great. He liked the different governments, but thought that if all of them were put together as one government, it would be better. He also wrote a book on ethics (right and wrong), poetics (Greek drama critic), government (politics).

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Hippocrates

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the father of medicines. Observation and experimentation

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Herodotus

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the father of history, recorded accounts of the Persian Wars.

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Thucydides

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wrote about the Peloponnesian wars and was more objective

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Greek Drama

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drama was invented with the religious festivals in honor of the gods

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Aesuychus- Sophocles- Euripides

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Three great dramatists. Man’s biggest fault- pride, hubris. Man’s tragic flaw. (Oedipus Rex)

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Thales

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elements of the universe
1. Earth
2. Wind
3. Fire
4. Water

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Herodotus

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Father of history

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Thucydides

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Writes about the Peloponnesian Wars and is a little more objective

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Demonsthemes

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Makes speeches to bring the Greeks together

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Skeptics

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founder: Pyrrho
Uncertainty

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Cynics

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Founder: Diogenes
Live your life accordingly, without wealth + social status

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Stoic

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Founder: Zeno
Believed that there was a divine reason for everything and that it was a matter of faith. You just had to live your life and you had no control
There was a divine mover and he moved everything the way he wanted it to be moved so just deal with it
Fait. You accept it, there is nothing that you can do

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Epicureans

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Limit your desires – Greek
To seek pleasure and avoid pain - Romans

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Euclid

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Geometry book "Elements"

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Archimedes

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Water skrew / pump
value of pi
srews and levers

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Aristarchus

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Sun is center of the universe
Known as the Helio Centric theory

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Ptolemy

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a. Everything revolves around the Earth
b. Known as the Geocentric Theory
c. The Roman Catholic Church supported this view because God created the Earth first and humans in his image first; therefore the Earth should be the center of the universe.

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Eratosthenes

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a. calculate the circumference of the sun
b. Used the rays of the sun

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Heparcus

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Calculated the length of the year

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Herophilus

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Studied the brain and found the nervous system of the body

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Hero

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a. first workable steam engine
b. They had the slaves they didn’t need to use it