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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are two parts of a scientific name?
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Genus and species
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What is Taxonomy?
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The science of classifying organisms
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What is Phylogeny?
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Common ancestory, historical trends and changes over time. A break down and shows links between ancestors.
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What is Cladistics?
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Common and traits, malecular biology. More modern than phylogeny.
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Who was Carlous Limeaus?
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He was the father of taxonomy and created the scientific name (genus & species)
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What is the hiearchy of taxonomy?
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Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. Least to most specific.
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How old is the Earth?
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4.6 billion years old.
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How old is life?
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3.5-3.8 billion years old.
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How did life come about?
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Life came about by a clear assembly of matter and energy
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All the members of order piptera belong to the same what?
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Genus.
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What was Oparina?
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Oceans back in the day were a vast primordial "soup"
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What does primordial soup mean?
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A solution of simple organic molecules that could start life.
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Pre-life like cell structures contain what?
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Contain and representative of every macromolecules class.
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What are Prokaryotic cells?
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No nucleus or membrane bound organelles
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what are Eukaryotic cells?
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Nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
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First Eukaryots are how old?
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1.8-1.5 billion years old
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What is the result of Theory Of Endosymbiosis?
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Small prokaryotes were englufed by large prokaryotes and maintained life functions, inside, ultimately becoming modern organelles.
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What are two cells?
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Mitochondria and chlroplast
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What does the Mitochondria contain?
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Contains primitive bacterial DNA
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Where did the rest of the organelles come from?
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The rest of the organelles came from inward fading of membranes.
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What is the Kingdom of Eubacteria?
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They are all prokaryotes, all have cell walls made of pepitffolycan (protien/carbs), no introns (no coding of regions) and every known form of metabolism.
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What is the first classification?
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Shape can be Rod (bacillius), spirillum and cocus.
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What is an example of a rod?
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Eschoria Colia
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What is an example of coccus?
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Streptococcus Pheumonia
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What is an example of Spirillium?
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Borrellia burgdorferi
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What happens to things that reproduce slower?
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They evolve slower.
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What is the second classification?
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Cell Wall Form
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How was this discovered?
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Discovered in an experiment by Ponds Gram.
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What is Gram Positive?
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Cell membrane surrounded by a thick peptioglycan wall. Stains purple in gram stain.
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What is Gram negative?
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Cell Membrane surrounded by a thin pepditoglycan wall which is coverd by an additional outer membrane. Stains pink in the gram stain.
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What is the third classification?
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Metabolic diversity?
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What does the prefix and suffix stand for?
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The prefix is the energy source and the suffix is the carbon form.
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The first type is what?
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Photoautotrope.
Energy source is light and carbon form is inorganic (CO2) |
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What are examples of photoautrophes?
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Plants such as cyanobacteria
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The second type is?
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Chamautotroph.
Energy source is chemical and the carbon form is inorganic carbn. |
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The third type is?
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Photoheterotroph.
Energy source is light and the carbon form is organic. |
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What is the fourth type?
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Chemohetertroph.
Energy source is chemical and the carbon form is organic. |
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An example of chemohetertrophs is what?
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Us, humans.
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What is energy?
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Bonded atoms to chemical stored energy in form of bonds.
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What is "free energy"?
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Free energy is a little bit less than the potential energy.
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What is the fourth classification
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Metabolic relationship to gas
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What are the three types?
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Strict aerobe, strict anerobe and Facultative anerobe.
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What is a strict aerobe?
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Need O2 to survive.
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What is a strict anerobe?
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Dies in the prescence of O2
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What is faculatative anerobe?
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Can survive without both.
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What is the fifth classification?
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Ability to move (motility)
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What is motility?
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Obvious structure is a flagellam (flagella plural) and can be one or more.
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"Taxis" is what?
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Taxis is the movement towards a stimulos
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Phototaxis is what?
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The movement towards light
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Chemotaxis is the what?
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The movement towards chemical.
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What is Pili?
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Hairlike extensions used to adhere to surfaces.
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What is the seventh classification?
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Ability to form endospores?
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What is the ability to form endospores?
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Formation of a thick protective coat around a dorment bacteria.
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What is an example?
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Basillos Anthrax
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What is an endotoxican?
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Tetnis (surface on a cell)
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What is a toxican?
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Abnormal reaction to chemical
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Archaea is ?
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All prokaryotes, no peptidoglycan and some have introns. Must live in extreme environments. No unifying cell wall material.
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What are the three common groups?
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Extreme Thermacidphiles, Extreme Heleophilies,and Methonogans.
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What is Extreme Thermacidphilies?
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Hot, acistic conditiors.
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Examples of Extreme Thermacidphilies?
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Thermophilis Oquaticus
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What is Extreme Heleophilies?
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Very high salt concentration and can live where everything else can't.
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Example of Extreme helophilies?
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Dead sea
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What are methonogans?
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Strict anerobes, hetertrophs that respire methane mt CO2.
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What are viruses?
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Obligate intracelluar parasite and must enter a cell to use to survive.
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What is a phage?
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Bacteria (Prok.)
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What is a virus?
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(Euk.)
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What is a heterotroph?
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Living on the expense of another organism.
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What is the generalized structure?
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All have an outer cell made of protien called the capsid with genetic material (Dna or MA) housed inside and some viruses have an outer membrane they use to help to get into cells.
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What are thw two main entry mechanisms?
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Physical and Stealth
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What is usually physical?
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Phage
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What is usually stealth?
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Virus
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What is the first step in the generalized life cycle?
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Get genetics material into the host. Physical of stealth.
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What is the second step in the generalized life cycle?
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Disarm cell and use its machinery to build new viruses
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What is the third step in the generalized life cycle?
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Release new viruses from cell
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What are two methods of infection?
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Lytic Cycle and Lysogenic cycle.
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What is the Lytic Cycke?
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The introduction of genetic info into the host built new viruses to destroy the host cell to release viruses.
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What is the Lysogenic cyle?
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Introduce genetic info. Splice viral genetic info into the host cell DNA (ow a probe, phage, or probe virus.)
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Do most viruses that affect us this?
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Yes, they wait and allow cell to reproduce.
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What happens when the host becomes stressed?
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The genetic info ''pulls out'' and gives Lytic.
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