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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atom
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the smallest unit of an element that still retains the properties of that element
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Atomic mass/mass number
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The sum of the number of neutrons and protons
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Cation vs Anion
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A cation is an ion with a positive charge and an anion is an ion with a negative charge
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Electron/Proton/Neutron
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negative particle of size 1, positive particle of size 1836, neutral particle of size 1839
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Nucleus
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a dense center of positive charge
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Isotope
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atoms with the same number of protons but differing numbers of neutrons
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Alpha particle
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MassNum=4 Charge=2 He atom, easiest to block
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Beta particle
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MassNum=0 Charge=-1 e medium difficulty to block
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Gamma ray
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MassNum=0 Charge=0 hardest to block
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Positron Emission
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a particle with the same mass as an electron but positive charge
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Electron Capture
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electron from innermost orbitals is captured by the nucleus
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Half-life
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The time required for half of the radioactive particles to decay
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Transuranimum Elements
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Any element with an atomic number greater than or equal to 93 ==> All man made elements...
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Ionizing Radiation
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Radiation that causes ions to be formed, all radiation is ionizing, but can be more or less than others.
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Halogens
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7A on Periodic table
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Noble Gases
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8A on Periodic table
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Alkali Metals
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1A on Periodic table
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Alkaline Earth Metals
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2A on Periodic table
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Lanthanides/Actinides
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L:Top removed row
A:Bottom removed row |
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Transition Metals
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Middle on table
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Metals/nonmetals/metalloids
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M: Left
NM: Right Mtlds: To both sides of line (not aluminum) |
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Diatomic Molecules
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F2 I2 N2 Br2 O2 Cl2 H2
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Law of Constant Composition
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The ratio of elements in a compound is always constant
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Critical Mass
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minimum amount of fissible material for chain reaction to occur
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Fission
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Splitting a heavy nucleus into 2 lighter nuclei
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Fusion
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Combining 2 lighter nuclei to form heavier nuclei
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Radiochemical Dating
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Determines age of objects by amount of radioactive isotope remaining.
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Decay Series
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an isotope that goes through multiple radioactive decays of differing types to acheive stability.
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Chain Reaction
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a self-sustaining reaction in which at least one nueturon splits another atom
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