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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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e- configuration
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Distribution of e- among orbitals in an atom.
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Across Period - add 1 e- at a time to same n.
Reason -- Down Family - same e- configuration, different n. Reason -- Peak/Valley -- |
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Oxidation Number
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Charge required by an atom to become an ion.
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Across Period - +1, +2, +3, +/-4, -3, -2, -1.
Reason - in e- config, e- are added to same n. Down Family - (same as across period). Reason - same e- config, different n. Peak/Valley -- |
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Zeff (Effective Nuclear Charge)
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Attraction between e- and nucleus.
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Across Period - increases
Reason - e- added to same n, e- get closer to nucleus, more attraction to nucleus. Down Family - decreases Reason - e- added to new n, e- farther away from nucleus, less attraction to nucleus. Peak/Valley - Noble Gases/Alkali Metals |
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Atomic Size (m) (Atomic Radius)
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1/2 distance between 2 nuclei.
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Across Period - decreases
Reason - e- added to same n, Zeff increases, e- get closer to nucleus. Down Family - increases Reason - e- added to new n, Zeff decreases, e- farther away from nucleus. Peak/Valley - Alkali Metals/Noble Gases |
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Ionization Energy (unit: J)
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Energy required to remove an e-.
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Across Period - increases
Reason - e- added to same n, Zeff increases, harder to remove e-. Down Family - decreases Reason - e- added to new n, Zeff decreases, harder to remove e-, required less energy. Peak/Valley - Noble Gases/Alkali Metals |
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Electron Affinity (unit: J)
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Energy released when an e- is gained.
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Across Period - increases
Reason - e- added to same n, Zeff increases, easier to gain e-, more energy released. Down Family - decreases Reason - e- added to new n, Zeff decreases, easier to remove e-, required less energy. Peak/Valley - Halogens/Alkaline Earth Metals |
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Electronegativity
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Tendency for an atom to attract e- to itself when bonded.
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Across Period - increases
Reason - e- added to same n, Zeff increases, easier for atom to attract e-. Down Family - decreases Reason - e- added to new n, Zeff decreases, harder for an atom to attract e-. Peak/Valley - Halogens/Alkali Metals (No Electronegativity for Noble Gases) |
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Metal Reactivity
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Metals react by losing e-.
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Across Period - decreases
Reason - e- added to same n, Zeff increases, harder to remove e-, harder to react. Down Family - increases Reason - e- added to new n, Zeff decreases, easier to remove e-, easier to react. Peak/Valley - Alkali Metals/-- |
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Nonmetal Reactivity
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React by gaining e-.
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Across Period - increases
Reason - e- added to same n, Zeff increases, easier to gain e-, easier to react. Down Family - decreases Reason - e- added to new n, Zeff decreases, harder to gain e-, harder to react. Peak/Valley - Halogens/Noble Gases |
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Solubility
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Ability to dissolve.
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Down Family - decreases
Reason - size increases, harder to surround by water molecules. Peak/Valley -- |
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Ionic Size
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1/2 distance between nuclei of 2 ions (charged particles).
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Cations (+) - size of a cation is smaller than its neutral parent atom because e- were lost.
Anions (-) - size of an anion is larger than its neutral parent atom because e- were gained. Peak/Valley -- |
