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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Carbon's Unique properties |
1. Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to 4 other atoms. Including, other carbon atoms. 2. Three structures: straight chain, branched chain, & ring 3.Carbon can form single, double, or triple bonds 4.Carbons form isomers (compounds that have the same chemical formulas but different structural formulas) |
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Example of Carbohydrates |
sugar, starches, cellulose, glycogen |
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Example of Lipids |
Fats, oils, cholesterol, steroids, waxes, phospholipids |
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Example of Proteins |
hemoglobin, enzymes, antibody |
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Example of Nucleic Acids |
DNA & RNA |
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Carbohydrate Molecules |
Monomer: monosaccharides Polymer: disaccharides (dimer), polysaccharides |
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Lipid Molecules |
Monomer: glycerol & fatty acids (polar heads & fatty acid tails) Polymer: Triglycerides; phospholipids |
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Protein Molecules |
Monomer: Amino Acid (there are 20 different kinds) Polymer: Polypeptide(protein) |
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Nucleic Acid Molecules |
Nucleotide (5 - carbon sugar phosphate group & base) |
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What type of bonds link together monomers in a protein? |
Peptide Bonds |
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Function of Carbohydrates |
Quick source of Energy |
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Function of Lipids |
Makes cell membranes and stores long term energy |
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Function of Proteins |
Transports oxygen in blood, speeds up chemical reactions(enzymes), supports muscle movement, and fights off bacteria and viruses(antibody) |
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Function of Nucleic Acids |
DNA stores genetic information and RNA builds proteins |
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Structure of Carbohydrates |
Usually found as rings and branched chains; 1:2:1 ratio of C:H:O Monomer: monosaccharides Polymer: dissaccarides & polysaccharides |
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Structure of Lipids |
Fats and oils contain fatty acids bonded to glycerol Monomer: glycerol and fatty acids Polymer: Triglycerides & Phospholipids |
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Structure of Proteins |
1. 3D structure makes them active 2. Peptide bonds hold amino acids together 3. Have a side group(R)that makes each amino acid(and therefore protein) different, make polypeptide chains 4. Sometimes may contain sulfur Monomer: Amino Acids Polymer: Polypeptide |
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Structure of Nucleic Acids |
Monomer: nucleotide Polymer: nucleic acid |
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Saturated |
Saturated Fats: Considered the Bad Fats -usually comes from animal products -solid at room temperature -linked to circulatory(heart) disease ex. butter |
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Dehydration Synthesis |
-Two monomers need to join -One monomer loses -OH and one loses -H -The two monomers join and the (-OH)and (-H) join, forming H20 -monomer -OH + monomer -H ~> polymer + H20 TURNS MONOMERS INTO POLYMERS |
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Hydrolysis |
-A polymer needs to be broken apart (the carbs, lipids, and proteins we ingest are too big for us to use) -Water breaks apart into(-OH) and (-H) and splits the polymer into monomers -The(-OH) and (-H) bond to each monomer and make up a stable molecule -polymer + H20 ~> monomer -OH + monomer -H TAKES A POLYMER AND BREAKS IT DOWN AND TURNS INTO MONOMERS |
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Unsaturated |
-liquid at room temperatures - referred to as oils |
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Similarities of all Carbon-based-molecules |
-all have Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen -all made of monomers bonded together to make polymers |
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Differences of all Carbon-based molecules |
-"Proteins are made of amino acids while ______ are made of ______." (compare monomers) -Proteins has a 3D complex structure and Carbohydrates usually has a ring structure. |
