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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a Prokaryote?
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A unicellular organism lacking a nucleus.
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What is a Eukaryote?
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an organism whose cell contains nuclei.
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What is the function of the Nucleus?
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It contains DNA used for making proteins and other things.
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What is the function of the Cell membrane?
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It creates a barrier around the cell that regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
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What is the function of the Mitochondria?
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It converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds for cells to use easier.
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What is the functions of the Ribosomes?
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It is a small particle in the cell in which proteins are assembled.
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What is the function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum?
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It is a internal membrane system which lipid components of the membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified.
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What is the function of the Golgi Bodies?
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It is a stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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What is the function of the Chloroplasts?
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It is found in plant cells and captures sunlight and makes it into chemical energy.
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What is the function of the Chromosomes?
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It is located within the nucleus, and it contains genetic information and passes it from one generation of cells to another.
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What is the functions of the Ribosomes?
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It is a small particle in the cell in which proteins are assembled.
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What is the function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum?
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It is a internal membrane system which lipid components of the membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified.
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What is the function of the Golgi Bodies?
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It is a stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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What is the function of the Chloroplasts?
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It is found in plant cells and captures sunlight and makes it into chemical energy.
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What is the function of the Chromosomes?
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It is located within the nucleus, and it contains genetic information and passes it from one generation of cells to another.
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What is the function of the Lysosome?
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It is a cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell.
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What is the function of the Vacuoles?
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It stores material such as water, salt, protein, and carbs.
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What is the function of the Centrioles?
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It is in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope and it helps generate the cell's cytoskeleton.
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What is the function of the Cytoskeleton?
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It is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape and helps with movement.
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What is the difference between plant and animal cells?
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Plants have a cell wall, and contain chloroplast. They also contain ONE large vacuole.
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What is the smalles unit of life that carries out all living functions is called a what?
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It is called a cell.
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Why are cells small?
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Cells need to get nutrients in and waste out. Also so diffusion can occur.
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What does it mean when a cell's membrane is selectively permeable?
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It means that it only allows certain things to pass through it.
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What does endocytosis mean?
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It is the process in which a cell absorbs material from outside the cell by engulfing it with their cell membrane.
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What does homeostasis mean?
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It is a process by which organisms maintain a relativel stable internal enviroment.
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What is a hypertonic solution?
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When the solution contains a higher concentration of impermeable (nothing can get through) then the solution on the other side of the cell's membrane.
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What is a hypotonic solution?
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When the solution contains a lower concentration of impermeable then the solution on the other side of the cell's membrane.
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What is a isotonic solution?
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When both solutions contain the same concentration of impermeable on either side of the cell's membrane.
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What is osmosis?
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Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
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What is the classification from general to most specific?
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King Phillip Came Over For Great Spaghetti... Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
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What are general characteristics of the Animal Kingdom?
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Eukaryote cell type, no cell wall, multicellular, heterotroph.
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What are general characteristics of the Plant Kingdom?
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Eukaryote, cellulose cell wall, chloroplast, multicellular, autotroph.
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What are general characteristics of the Protist Kingdom?
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Eukaryote, some have cellulose cell walls, some have chloroplast, most are unicellular, some are autotroph and others are heterotroph.
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What are general characteristics of the Fungus Kingdom?
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Eukaryote, cell walls of chitin, most are multicellular, heterotroph.
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What are general characteristics of the Eubacteria Kingdom?
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Prokaryote, cell walls with peptidoglycan, unicellular, autotroph, and heterotroph.
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What are scientific names made up of?
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Genus and Species.
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What is unicellular?
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One cell in an organism.
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What is multicellular?
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More than one cell in an organsm.
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What is autotroph?
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Produces its own food.
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What is heterotroph?
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Obtains energy from food it consumes.
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What are general characteristics of bacteria?
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Prokaryote, includes both eubacteria and archaebacteria, has a cell wall, can exchange genetic information (conjugation), can form spores, some are heterotroph, and some are autotroph.
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What are general characteristics of a virus?
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It is particles of nucleic acids, proteins, and sometimes lipids. It reproduces by infecting living cells. It is composed of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat (capsid).
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What are the 4 phyla of the animal-like protists, and how do they move?
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Zooflagellates (swims using flagella), Sarcodines (uses a temporary cytoplasmic projections called a pseudopod for movement), Ciliates <Ciliophora> (uses cilia for movement), Sporozoans (does not move on its own, and is a parasitic (caused by parasites)
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What are general characteristics of animal-like protists?
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Has a nucleus, heterotroph, distinguished by movement.
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What are general characteristics of plant-like protists?
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mostly algae, autotrophs, contains chlorophyll (captures light energy)
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What are some characteristics of Fungi?
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They are both multicellular and unicellular. They are composed of thing filaments called hyphae. Has a cell wall made of chitin. Multicellular fungi have hyphae tangled together in mycelium. Most fungi can reproduce asexually and sexually.
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What are some very general terms about animals?
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Heterotroph, multicellular, motile (moves at some point of life cycle), very diverse.
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What are some very general terms about plants?
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Photosynthetic autorophs, non-motile (can't move), has a cell wall made of cellulose.
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What is Meiosis?
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The process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the seperation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
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What is MItosis?
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Part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus.
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How many numbers of chromosomes are there at the end of Meiosis?
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46 chromosomes.
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What is a mutation?
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A change in DNA.
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What is an allele?
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It is what makes up a gene?
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What is a dominant allele?
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If a dominant is present in a trait then the oganism will show that trait.
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What is a recessive allele?
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If there is recessive alleles in a trait, then the trait will show if no dominant alleles are present.
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What is a carrier?
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When someone has the trait but does not show it and can pass it down. (has to be recessive)
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what does heterozygous mean?
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It means two different sets of alleles for the same trait.
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What is non-disjunction?
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An error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to seperate.
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What is crossing-over?
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A process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis.
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What is a hybrid?
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Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits.
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What are homologous chromosomes?
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Corresponding chromosomes from the opposite sex parent.
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What are polygenic traits?
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Traits controlled by 2 or more genes.
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What is a genotype?
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Genetic makeup of an organism.
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What is a phenotype?
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Physical characteristics of an organism.
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What are some things about Mendel that are significant?
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Through research he almost completely accurately figured out how genes are passed on. He is the father of genetics for his study of generics and inheritance.
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What is incomplete dominance?
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When niether allele dominates (ex. flowers with blending colors)
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What is Co-dominance?
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Both dominant and recessive alleles show up SEPARATELY.
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What is a multiple allele?
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Multiple alleles are any of a set of three alleles, or genes existing in more than two allelic forms. (ex. blood type)
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Where does sex determination occur?
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On the X and Y chromosomes.
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What are the eight characteristics that all living things share?
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1. made up of units called cells
2. reproduce 3. based on a unverisal gentic code 4. grow and develop 5. obtain and use materials and energy... See More 6. respond to their environment 7. maintains a stabl internal environment 8. changes over time |
