Honors Biology: Fetal Pig Dissection

Front 1

urogenital opening

Back 1

Females: near anus
Males: near umbilical cord

Front 2

urogenital papilla

Back 2

present near genital opening (not found in males)

Front 3

medial

Back 3

toward the midline or middle of the body

Front 4

lateral

Back 4

toward the outside of the body

Front 5

proximal

Back 5

close to a point of reference

Front 6

distal

Back 6

farther from a point of reference

Front 7

hard and soft palate

Back 7

located on the roof of the mouth

Front 8

taste buds (sensory papillae)

Back 8

found inside the mouth, raised bumps

Front 9

epiglottis

Back 9

a cone-shaped structure at the back of the mouth; a flap of skin helps to close this opening when a pig swallows

Front 10

pharynx

Back 10

cavity in the back of the mouth; the junction for food (esophagus) and air (trachea)

Front 11

masseter muscle

Back 11

found by cutting away skin from the side of the face/upper neck; muscle that works the jaw

Front 12

lymph nodes

Back 12

found by cutting away skin from the side of the face/upper neck; two glands on either side

Front 13

salivary glands

Back 13

found by cutting away skin from the side of the face/upper neck; looks like chewing gum

Front 14

umbilical vein

Back 14

leads from the umbilical cord to the liver; necessary to cut in order to open abdominal cavity

Front 15

diaphragm

Back 15

muscle that divides the thoracic and abdominal cavity; located near the ribcage; aids in breathing

Front 16

liver

Back 16

lobed structure; largest organ in the body; responsible for making bile for digestion

Front 17

gall bladder

Back 17

greenish organ located underneath the liver; stores bile and sends it to the duodenum (via bile duct)

Front 18

bile duct

Back 18

attaches the gall bladder to the duodenum; bile passes through

Front 19

stomach

Back 19

pouch-shaped organ, rests underneath and to the pig's left; responsible for churning and breaking down food

Front 20

esophagus

Back 20

located at the top of the stomach; passageway for food to travel from mouth to stomach

Front 21

cardiac sphincter valve

Back 21

valve that regulates food entering the stomach; located at the esophagus

Front 22

pyloric sphincter valve

Back 22

valve that regulates food leaving the stomach; located at the duodenum

Front 23

small intestine

Back 23

the stomach leads to this organ; composed of duodenum and the ileum

Front 24

duodenum

Back 24

straight portion of the small intestine just after the stomach

Front 25

ileum

Back 25

twisted portion of the small intestine

Front 26

mesentary

Back 26

what holds the ileum together, keeps it from collapsing on itself

Front 27

mesenteric arteries

Back 27

further digestion occurs and nutrients are absorbed through these

Front 28

pancreas

Back 28

bumpy organ located along the underside of the stomach; makes insulin, which is necessary for the proper uptake of sugars from the blood

Front 29

pancreatic duct

Back 29

leads from the pancreas to the duodenum

Front 30

spleen

Back 30

flattened organ that lies across the stomach and toward the extreme left side of the pig; stores blood; NOT a part of the digestive system

Front 31

splenic artery

Back 31

located on the underside of the spleen

Front 32

cecum

Back 32

the "appendix" in a pig; located at the end of the ileum, where it widens to become the large intestine; a "dead end" branch; helps digest plant material

Front 33

large intestine

Back 33

follows small intestine; reabsorbs water from the digested food, any undigested food is stored in the rectum as feces

Front 34

rectum

Back 34

end of the digestive system, following large intestine; opens to the outside of the pig

Front 35

anus

Back 35

the end of the rectum; opens to outside of the pig

Front 36

kidneys

Back 36

lie on either side of the spine; bean-shaped organs; responsible for removing harmful substances from the blood, which are excreted as urine

Front 37

umbilical vessels

Back 37

can be seen in the umbilical cord

Front 38

urinary bladder

Back 38

lies between the umbilical vessels; flattened shape

Front 39

ureters

Back 39

carry urine to the urinary bladder

Front 40

urethra

Back 40

the tube that carries urine out of the body

Front 41

renal vessels

Back 41

vessals that attach to the kidney

Front 42

scrotal sacs

Back 42

at the posterior end of the pig, testis are located in each sac

Front 43

testis

Back 43

found in scrotal sacs

Front 44

epididymis

Back 44

found on each teste; sperm cells produced in the teste pass through the epididymis into the vas deferens

Front 45

vas deferens

Back 45

a tub that brings sperm from point A (testis) to point B (penis)

Front 46

penis

Back 46

located by cutting away the skin on the flap near the umbilical cord; eventually exits out the urogenital opening/urethra

Front 47

ovaries

Back 47

bean-shaped; located posterior to the kidneys and connected to the curly oviducts

Front 48

oviducts

Back 48

curly tube that connect ovaries to the uterus (like Fallopian tubes)

Front 49

uterus

Back 49

where the oviducts end; followed by vagina

Front 50

vagina

Back 50

appears to be a continuation of the uterus

Front 51

pericardium

Back 51

thin membrane that surrounds the heart

Front 52

atria

Back 52

the two upper chambers of the heart

Front 53

ventricle

Back 53

the two lower chambers of the heart

Front 54

pulmonary trunk

Back 54

most obvious vessel on the frount of the heart, curves upward and joins the aorta

Front 55

aorta

Back 55

a vessels which arches from the heart and curves around to go to the lower part of the body (abdominal [dorsal] aorta); supplies the body with blood

Front 56

left subclavian

Back 56

one branch of the aorta (supplies blood to arms, follows clavicle bone)

Front 57

right brachiocephalic

Back 57

one branch of the aorta; branches into arteries: the common carotid (supply blood to head and neck) and the right subclavian (supply blood to arms)

Front 58

left and right carotid arteries

Back 58

brances of the common carotid, supplies blood to the head and neck

Front 59

coronary vessels

Back 59

located on the outside of the heart; supply blood to the muscle of the heart

Front 60

intercostal arteries

Back 60

arteries running near the ribs

Front 61

anterior and posterior vena cava

Back 61

located on the dorsal side (near the back) of the heart; brings blood from the body back to the heart

Front 62

left and right jugular veins

Back 62

drain blood from the head and run parallel to the carotids

Front 63

lungs

Back 63

located on either side of the heart; spongy; connected to the bronchial tubes

Front 64

bronchial tubes

Back 64

tubes that connect to the trachea, forming a "Y"; connect to the lungs

Front 65

trachea

Back 65

located in the chin area above the heart; air passageway, runs alongside esophagus

Front 66

cartilaginous rings

Back 66

help keep the trachea from collapsing as the animal inhales and exhales

Front 67

thyroid gland

Back 67

located atop the trachea, pinkish-brown, V-shaped structure; secretes hormones that control growth and metabolism

Front 68

larynx

Back 68

voice box; located at the anterior (toward head) part of the trachea; allows the pig to produce sounds grunts and oinks

Front 69

hepatic artery

Back 69

leads to the liver

Front 70

splenic artery

Back 70

leads to the spleen

Front 71

renal arteries

Back 71

lead to the kidney

Front 72

external iliac arteries

Back 72

abdominal aorta splits into these two large vessels that lead to each leg; turn into femoral arteries as they enter the leg

Front 73

ilio-lumbar artery

Back 73

brances of the umbilical artery, this small artery stretches toward the posterior of the pig

Front 74

deep femorl

Back 74

one branch of the two arteries from the external iliac; (located at the back of the leg)