Honors Biology Chapter 7/11 Vocabulary

Front 1

Vascular Plants

Back 1

Plants that have evolved to move water and nutrients throughout the plant

Hint 1

An example of a ____ is a flowering plant.

Front 2

Lignin

Back 2

Binds to cellulose fibers and strengthens the cell walls of plants

Hint 2

____ provide rigidity and don't rot easily.

Front 3

Xylem

Back 3

Carry water and minerals from roots to the rest of the plant

Hint 3

Hollow, tube-snapped cells are known as ____.

Front 4

Phloem

Back 4

Tubes of streaming cytoplasm that carry organic nutrients via active transport

Hint 4

____ are elongated cell.

Front 5

Tracheids

Back 5

Have pointed ends, thick cell walls, and pits to connect to adjacent cells

Hint 5

____ help in the transport of water.

Front 6

Vessel Elements

Back 6

Less pointed, wider and shorter, thinner cell walls

Hint 6

____ have openings at the ends of the cell.

Front 7

Cohesion

Back 7

A property of water that makes its molecules attracted to each other

Hint 7

____ deals with similar substances coming together.

Front 8

Adhesion

Back 8

Non-similar particles that are attracted to one another

Hint 8

____ deals with different substances coming together.

Front 9

Sieve Tubes

Back 9

Phloem cells have openings at cell ends to create long channels

Hint 9

____ are arranged in chains.

Front 10

Endosperm

Back 10

Tissue that transfers nutrients from the parent plant to the developing embryo

Hint 10

____ is produced inside the seed of most flowering plants.

Front 11

Cotyledons

Back 11

"Seed leaves" that develop before true leaves to perform photosynthesis and store nutrients from the endosperm

Hint 11

The number of ____ present is one characteristic used by botanists to classify the flowering plants

Front 12

Apical Meristems

Back 12

Continuously divide to make new cells that become differentiated

Hint 12

____ is a zone of plant cells at the tips of the shoot and root.

Front 13

Seed Coat

Back 13

Tissue formed by parent flower surrounding the endosperm and embryo, protecting the new plant until it sprouts

Hint 13

The ____ ____ is one of three parts of a seed.

Front 14

Germination

Back 14

Sprouting of seeds occurs when conditions are right

Hint 14

____ is the process by which a plant grows from a seed.

Front 15

Primary Growth

Back 15

Growth that occurs at the meristems

Hint 15

____ ____ grow in the opposite direction of secondary growth.

Front 16

Node

Back 16

Points where leaves emerge from stem

Hint 16

____ is where the leaf meets the stem.

Front 17

Root Cap

Back 17

Protective covering of cells over the root apical meristem

Hint 17

____ is also called calyptra.

Front 18

Epidermis

Back 18

Outer layer of cells

Hint 18

The layer below the ____ is the Dermis.

Front 19

Cuticle

Back 19

Helps prevent water loss

Hint 19

Water stays out due to the ____.

Front 20

Vascular Tissue

Back 20

Xylem and Phloem. Used in transport

Hint 20

____ ____ is made of more than one cell type.

Front 21

Ground Tissue

Back 21

Provide internal support and shape

Hint 21

The ____ ____ of plants includes all tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular.

Front 22

Secondary Growth

Back 22

Horizontal growing that occurs as a result of cell division in the vascular cambium

Hint 22

____ ____ grows in the opposite direction of primary growth.

Front 23

Vascular Cambium

Back 23

Meristem tissue layer near the other surface of roots and stems

Hint 23

The ____ ____ is a plant tissue located between the xylem and the phloem in the stem and root of a vascular plant.

Front 24

Pericycle

Back 24

Cylinder of meristem tissue surrounding the xylem and phloem in the root; source of secondary roots ("root branches")

Hint 24

The ____ lies just inside the endodermis.

Front 25

Plant Growth Regulators (PGR's)

Back 25

Compounds in plants that are produced by genes and act similarly to hormones in animals; influence plant growth and development

Hint 25

____ ____ ____ are AKA plant hormones.

Front 26

Auxins

Back 26

A growth stimulant PGR

Produced in apical meristems and seeds, move through plant via active transport.

Hint 26

The ____ effect depends on the concentration.

Front 27

Gibberellins

Back 27

A growth stimulant PGR

Produced in fungi and plants' apical meristems and germination embryos.

Hint 27

____ promotes stem elongation.

Front 28

Cytokinins

Back 28

A growth stimulant PGR

Work with auxins and other PGR's to regulate the growth pattern of the plant.

Hint 28

____ is produced mainly in roots and developing fruit.

Front 29

Abscisic Acid

Back 29

A growth inhibiter PGR

Promotes closing the stoma, dormancy in buds and seeds, synthesis of storage proteins in seeds

Hint 29

____ ____ is produced in response to dry conditions.

Front 30

Ethylene

Back 30

A growth inhibiter PGR

Promotes aging of tissues(i.e. ripening fruit)

Hint 30

____ inhibits effects of auxins and cytokinins.

Front 31

Tropism

Back 31

Growth toward or away from a stimulus as a result of differences in growth between parts of plant organs

Hint 31

There are a few forms of this that include the prefixes photo- and Gravi-.

Front 32

Phototropism

Back 32

Growth toward light source as a result of higher auxin concentrations on the dark side of stems

Hint 32

____ is growth toward light.

Front 33

Gravitropism

Back 33

Growth toward or away from Earth's gravitational pull as a result of auxins, other PGR's, and calcium ion concentrations

Hint 33

____ grows with or against gravity.

Front 34

Photoperiodism

Back 34

Response to the relative length of light and darkness in a 24 hour period

Hint 34

____ helps promote cross pollination.

Front 35

Phytochrome

Back 35

Pigment that "measures" length of darkness

Hint 35

____ is a photoreceptor.