Honors Biology Chapter 2 Vocabulary

Front 1

smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means

Back 1

atom

Front 2

pure substance made of only one kind of atom

Back 2

element

Front 3

substance made of the joined atoms of two or more different elements

Back 3

compound

Front 4

a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds

Back 4

molecule

Front 5

an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons

Back 5

ion

Front 6

an attraction between substances of the same kind

Back 6

cohesion

Front 7

an attraction between different substances

Back 7

adhesion

Front 8

a mixture in which one or more substances are evenly distributed in another substance

Back 8

solution

Front 9

compounds that form hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

Back 9

acids

Front 10

compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

Back 10

bases

Front 11

organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the proportion of 1:2:1

Back 11

carbohydrates

Front 12

building blocks of carbohydrates, single sugars (glucose, C6H12O6, and fructose)

Back 12

monosaccharides

Front 13

nonpolar molecules that are not soluble or mostly insoluble in water

Back 13

lipids

Front 14

usually a large molecule formed by linked smaller molecules called amino acids

Back 14

protein

Front 15

the building blocks of proteins

Back 15

amino acids

Front 16

a long chain of smaller molecules called nucleotides; two types: DNA and RNA

Back 16

nucleic acid

Front 17

has three parts: a sugar, a base, and a phosphate group, which contains phosphorous and oxygen atoms

Back 17

nucleotides

Front 18

or deoxyribonucleic acid, consists of two strands of nucleotides that spiral around each other; chromosomes contain long strands of this, which stores hereditary information

Back 18

DNA

Front 19

or ribonucleic acid, may consist of a single strand of nucleotides or of based-paired nucleotides; this plays many key roles in the manufacture of proteins, can also act as an enzyme, promoting the chemical reactions that link amino acids to form proteins

Back 19

RNA

Front 20

or adenosine triphosphate, is a single nucleotide with two extra energy-storing phosphate groups; cells need a steady supply of this to function

Back 20

ATP

Front 21

the ability to move or change matter

Back 21

energy

Front 22

the energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Back 22

activation energy

Front 23

substances thet increase the speed of chemical reactions; most are proteins, these are catalysts, which are substances that reduce the activation energy of a chemical reaction

Back 23

enzymes

Front 24

a substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction

Back 24

substrate

Front 25

pockets formed by the folds that are in an enzyme’s surface

Back 25

active sites