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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Galileo Galilei
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In early 1600s, used 2 glass lenses to magnify the stars and was able to magnify small organisms.
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Robert Hooke
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In mid 1600s, coined the phrase "cell as he looked through a simple compound microscope, observing cork.
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Antony van Leeuwenhoek
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Late 1600s, given credit for developing first microscope.
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Robert Brown
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1820s, finds the nucleus.
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Matthew Schleiden
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1838, botanist who states the functional and organizational unit of a plant is the cell
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Theodore Schwann
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1839, zoologist who comes to same conclusion about animals as Schleiden about plants
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Rudolf Virchow
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1849, physiologist studies reproduction of cell and concludes that all cells come from preexising cells
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light microscope
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Uses the fact that when light hits air, it bends (refracts). Can magnify up to 1000x.
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transmission electron microscope
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doesn't use glass, light passes through vacuum. magnification up to 10,000x.
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scanning electron microscope
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speciment not sliced, dipped in reflective fluid. Can magnify 3 nm.
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scanning tunneling electron microscope
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tunnels into speciment to look inside
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composition of bilipid layer
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phospholipid, hydrophobic and hydrophilic, proteins and their roles, glyco chains, cholesterol. Everything contributes to semi-permiability.
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passive transport
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movement of molecules from [high] to [low]
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diffusion
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passive transport, molecular bombardment
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osmosis
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passive transport, water flows to dilute the [high] consentration of solutes
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isotonic
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same []
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hypertonic
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too much solute
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hypotonic
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too little solute
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active transport
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movement of molecules from [low] to [high]. cells need energy for this (ex. endo and exocytosis, sodium/potassium pump)
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osmotic pressure
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pressure caused by movement of water
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creanation
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shriveling because of hypertonic solution
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plasmolysis
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cell membrane shrinks inside cell wall because of hypertonic conditions
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White/Black
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White reflects all color, while black absorbs all color.
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Equation of Photosynthesis
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H20 + CO2 --> 02 + C6H12O6
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How is ATP developed in the chloroplast during photosynthesis?
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by separating negatives and positives, ATP-synthase makes ATP by make - and + go together
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Chemiosmotic phosphorylation
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transfer of ions across the membrane to prouduce energy
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Rubisco carboxylase
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runs the Calvin Cycle
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How does carbon dioxide get into the Calvin cycle?
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from the atmosphere by diffusion, passive transprt
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Summary of Dark Rxn
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1 PGAL + 1 PGAL = 1 Glucose (6-C)
For every 6CO2, the wheel spins 6x and one glucose is made. |
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How is activation energy supplied?
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by ATP
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What are the folds in the inner membrane of the mitochondria called?
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cristae
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Where does glycolysis take place? Aerobic respiration? Electron Transport?
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glycolysis: cytoplasm
aerobic respiration: inner membrane of mitochondrion electron transport: between layers of membrane of mitochondrion |
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creanation
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shriveling because of hypertonic solution
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plasmolysis
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cell membrane shrinks inside cell wall because of hypertonic conditions
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White/Black
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White reflects all color, while black absorbs all color.
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Equation of Photosynthesis
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H20 + CO2 --> 02 + C6H12O6
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How is ATP developed in the chloroplast during photosynthesis?
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by separating negatives and positives, ATP-synthase makes ATP by make - and + go together
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Chemiosmotic phosphorylation
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transfer of ions across the membrane to prouduce energy
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Rubisco carboxylase
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runs the Calvin Cycle
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How does carbon dioxide get into the Calvin cycle?
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from the atmosphere by diffusion, passive transprt
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Summary of Dark Rxn
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1 PGAL + 1 PGAL = 1 Glucose (6-C)
For every 6CO2, the wheel spins 6x and one glucose is made. |
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How is activation energy supplied?
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by ATP
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What are the folds in the inner membrane of the mitochondria called?
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cristae
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Where does glycolysis take place? Aerobic respiration? Electron Transport?
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glycolysis: cytoplasm
aerobic respiration: inner membrane of mitochondrion electron transport: between layers of membrane of mitochondrion |
