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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a protein that breaks down the polysaccharide cellulose. enzyme used by bacteria and fungi to break down plant material
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cellulase
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kinetic energy
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the energy of motion
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conservation of energy
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it is not possible to destroy or create energy, it can only be converted from one form to another
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potential energy
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energy that an object has because of its location or arrangement
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heat
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a type of kinetic energy contained in the random motion of atoms and molecules
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all energy conversions generate...
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some heat
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entropy
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a measure of disorder, or randomness
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the molecules of food, gas, and other fuels have a special form of potential energy called..
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chemical energy
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cellular respiration
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energy releasing chemical breakdown of fuel molecules and the storage of that energy in a form the cell can use to perform work; performed within mitochondria of cells
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calorie
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amount of energy that raises the temperature of one gram of water by 1 degree C
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the capacity to perform work
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energy
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molecules of carbohydrates, fats and gasoline alll have structures that make them especially rich in
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chemical energy
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in active transport molecules move
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against concentration lower to higher
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phagocytosis
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eating cells
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pinocytosis
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drinking cells
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endocytosis
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"enter cell"
surround something, it becomes vacuole |
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cytolysis
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cell burst in animal cells
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ATP stands for
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adenosine triphosphate
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one gram of protein=
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4 calories
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1 gram of carbohydrates=
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4 calories
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1 gram of fat=
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9 calories
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ADP + P + ENERGY yields
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ATP
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enzymes insure that reactions occur at
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proper speeds at proper sequence
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enzymes are usually ______ and need help from co-enzymes, or ________
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proteins; vitamins
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enzymes combine substrate at
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active site
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enzymes can only combine with substances that exactly
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fit in the active site
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diffusion is the movement of molecules..
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from an area of greater concentration to lesser concentration until equilibream is reached
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a molecules ability to diffuse depends on three things:
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size, type of membrane, chemical nature of cell membrane (phospholipid)
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isotonic
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equal
same amount of water inside of cell and solution |
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hypotonic
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lower
less amount of water in cells than solution |
