Honors Bio Chapter 2

Front 1

Heterotrophs

Back 1

Organism that obtains energy from the food it consumes

Hint 1

Called a consumer

Front 2

Autotrophs

Back 2

Organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce food for other organisms

Hint 2

Called a producer

Front 3

Photoautotrophs

Back 3

Organism that makes its own food from the sun

Hint 3

PLANTS

Front 4

Chemoautotrophs

Back 4

Obtains energy from the oxidation of reduced molecules and uses carbon dioxide as it's carbon source

Hint 4

Example: nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Front 5

Cell respiration

Back 5

Chemical reactions that release the free energy of organic compounds

Hint 5

Carried out by autotrophs and heterotrophs

Front 6

Producers

Back 6

Autotrophs

Hint 6

Examples: Forest or an ocean

Front 7

Consumers

Back 7

Heterotrophs

Hint 7

Examples: Trees, seaweed

Front 8

Decomposers

Back 8

Heterotrophs that break down dead things for food

Hint 8

Examples: bacteria, fungi

Front 9

Food Web

Back 9

Made up by producers, consumers and decomposers

Front 10

Abiotic

Back 10

Non living factors that are depended upon by organisms in a food web

Hint 10

Examples: soil, water, minerals, weather

Front 11

Biotic

Back 11

Living factors of a food web

Hint 11

Animals, bacteria, living things

Front 12

Ecosystem

Back 12

Made up by the abiotic and biotic components of a particular place

Hint 12

Examples: forest, pond, prairie

Front 13

Habitats

Back 13

Places where particular organisms live

Hint 13

Many habitats within an ecosystem

Front 14

Biosphere

Back 14

All ecosystems combined make up Earth's BIOSPHERE

Hint 14

Contains many ecosystems such as coral reefs, deserts, marshes, and forests

Front 15

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 15

Energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can change form

Hint 15

Also called the Law of Conservation of energy

Front 16

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 16

Systems tend to change in a way that increases the disorder of the system plus its surroundings

Hint 16

Increases the entropy

Front 17

Entropy

Back 17

Disorder or unorganized

Hint 17

Free energy released causes disorder

Front 18

Enzymes

Back 18

Specialized proteins that lower the activation energy required to make a reaction proceed

Hint 18

All living cells contain these

Front 19

Catalysts

Back 19

Chemicals that lower activation energy

Hint 19

In living organisms

Front 20

Active site

Back 20

Specific reaction catalyzed by an enzyme depends on this small area of the tertiary structure

Hint 20

Has a shape that closely matches the shape of the starting molecule(s)

Front 21

Substrate

Back 21

The close fit of the starting molecule

Hint 21

Joins with an enzyme at the active site
Can be bonded or unbounded by an enzyme

Front 22

Metabolism

Back 22

Consists of all the chemical activities and changes that take place in a cell or an organism

Hint 22

Two types: synthesis & decomposition

Front 23

Synthesis

Back 23

"Building up" reaction

Hint 23

Type of metabolism

Front 24

Decomposition

Back 24

"Breaking down" reaction

Hint 24

Type of metabolism

Front 25

Biosynthesis

Back 25

Reactions that form larger & more complex bio molecules from small less complex ones

Hint 25

Examples: formation of starch from glucose & DNA from nucleotides

Front 26

Oxidation

Back 26

Process of decomposition which is the removal of e- from a molecule

Hint 26

Decomposition releasing free energy

Front 27

ATP

Back 27

Adenosine triphosphate

Hint 27

Free energy released from decomposition that follows a series of e- transfers and ultimately ends up in a molecule

Front 28

Digestion

Back 28

Processes that break down food

Hint 28

Done by the stomach to get energy from food

Front 29

Pepsin

Back 29

Active protein digesting enzyme in the stomach

Hint 29

Secreted by stomach gland cells

Front 30

Small intestines

Back 30

Major function: digestion & absorption and regulation of pancreatic secretions

Hint 30

Produces glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, and glycerol

Front 31

Salivary amylase

Back 31

Start of carbohydrate digestion in the mouth

Hint 31

Action of an enzyme

Front 32

Lipase

Back 32

Fat digesting enzyme

Hint 32

Secreted in the pancreatic and intestinal juices, splits fats into fatty acids and glycerol

Front 33

Villi

Back 33

Small finger-like projections

Hint 33

Increase the intestinal lining

Front 34

Energy

Back 34

The capacity to do work or to cause change

Hint 34

Chemical, free, heat

Front 35

Chemical Energy

Back 35

Creates organic molecules which create organisms

Hint 35

Organisms use this energy in chemical reactions when some is released

Front 36

Free Energy

Back 36

Portion of chemical energy that is available to do work

Hint 36

Examples: energy used for exercise and thinking

Front 37

Heat energy

Back 37

Transferred by particles crashing into each other

Hint 37

The suns rays