Honors Bio Ch.2 Meaghan Stephenson

Front 1

Nutrients

Back 1

Essential substance for any organism to grow and be healthy.

Hint 1

1. Plants absorb these from soil

2. Six classes of these: water, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and proteins.

Front 2

Heterotroph

Back 2

Digesting other organisms is how they get energy.

Hint 2

1. Consumers

2. They can eat autotrophs or other forms of themselves.

Front 3

Autotrophs

Back 3

Absorbing nonliving things is how they get energy.

Hint 3

1. Producers

2. They use photosynthesis and chemosynthesis.

Front 4

Photoautotroph

Back 4

Autotroph that uses photosynthesis to get energy.

Hint 4

1. Known as holophytic.

2. Typically they are plants.

Front 5

Photosynthesis

Back 5

CO2 and H2O that react to make organic compounds.

Hint 5

1. Used by plants, a few protistans, and certain bacteria.

2. Base of most food webs.

Front 6

Chemoautotroph

Back 6

Autotrophs that uses chemosynthesis for energy.

Hint 6

1. Most bacteria and archaea.

2. Contrasts photoautotrophs.

Front 7

Chemosynthesis

Back 7

The chemical reactions that take place create organic compounds from using chemical energy.

Hint 7

1. Conversion of one or more carbon molecules.

2. Uses methane as energy in comparison to sunlight.

Front 8

Cell Respiration

Back 8

Chemical reactions all organisms use to complete necessary tasks and help organic compounds release energy.

Hint 8

1. C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy

2. Used by heterotrophs, decomposers, and autotrophs.

Front 9

Producers

Back 9

Autotrophs

Hint 9

1. Use photosynthesis and chemosynthesis.

2. Energy from sunlight, minerals, and air.

Front 10

Producers

Back 10

Autotrophs

Hint 10

1. Use photosynthesis and chemosynthesis.

2. Energy from sunlight, minerals, and air.

Front 11

Consumers

Back 11

Heterotrophs

Hint 11

1. Eat other heterotrophs and autotrophs.

2. Consume living or dead organisms.

Front 12

Decomposers

Back 12

Consume already dead organisms to obtain energy.

Hint 12

1. Considered heterotrophic.

2. Usually fungi and bacteria.

Front 13

Food web

Back 13

Relationships between autotrophs, heterotrophs, and decomposers to show energy in an ecosystem.

Hint 13

1. Shows energy and nutrient transfer in an ecosystem.

2.

Front 14

Food web

Back 14

Relationships between autotrophs, heterotrophs, and decomposers to show energy in an ecosystem.

Hint 14

1. Shows energy and nutrient transfer in an ecosystem.

Front 15

Biotic

Back 15

Living organisms

Hint 15

1. Animalia, Plantae, and Fungi

Front 16

Abiotic

Back 16

Nonliving organisms

Hint 16

1. Examples are: rain, sunlight, and fog

Front 17

Ecosystem

Back 17

A place where biotic and abiotic organisms live together.

Hint 17

1. Example: the forest

Front 18

Habitat

Back 18

An area where specific organisms live in an ecosystem.

Hint 18

1. Example: a small pond in a large forest.

Front 19

Biosphere

Back 19

The entire Earth and its ecosystems.

Front 20

Biosphere

Back 20

The entire Earth and its ecosystems.

Front 21

Energy

Back 21

An object's ability to complete tasks.

Front 22

Biosphere

Back 22

The entire Earth and its ecosystems.

Front 23

Energy

Back 23

An object's ability to complete tasks.

Front 24

Chemical Energy

Back 24

Energy kept in chemical bonds of compounds.

Front 25

Biosphere

Back 25

The entire Earth and its ecosystems.

Hint 25

Earth is a sphere with a lot of biology on it.

Front 26

Energy

Back 26

An object's ability to complete tasks.

Hint 26

1. This can be used for anything like creating power or growing.

Front 27

Chemical Energy

Back 27

Energy kept in chemical bonds of compounds.

Hint 27

1. Batteries and natural gas are a stored form of this.

Front 28

Free Energy

Back 28

Remaining energy in a cell able to do work.

Hint 28

1. A lot of this is lost to the environment in the form of heat.

Front 29

Heat Energy

Back 29

Energy transferred between objects because of a difference in temperature and causes a change in entropy.

Hint 29

1. Heat is transferred from a high temperature to a lower one.

Front 30

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 30

Energy can be in different forms but never is destroyed.

Front 31

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 31

Energy can be in different forms but never is destroyed.

Front 32

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 32

Systems change causing entropy but it will stay the same if not increased.

Front 33

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 33

Energy can be in different forms but never is destroyed.

Front 34

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 34

Systems change causing entropy but it will stay the same if not increased.

Front 35

Entropy

Back 35

Disorder that makes energy unable complete tasks.

Front 36

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 36

Energy can be in different forms but never is destroyed.

Front 37

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 37

Systems change causing entropy but it will stay the same if not increased.

Front 38

Entropy

Back 38

Disorder that makes energy unable complete tasks.

Front 39

Enzymes

Back 39

Proteins that make faster chemical reactions because they cause a decrease in activation energy.

Front 40

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 40

Energy can be in different forms but never is destroyed.

Hint 40

1. Newton assisted in creating it.

Front 41

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 41

Systems change causing entropy but it will stay the same if not increased.

Hint 41

1. 2 of these were created about energy.

Front 42

Entropy

Back 42

Disorder that makes energy unable complete tasks.

Hint 42

1. Commonly known as disorder.

Front 43

Enzymes

Back 43

Proteins that make faster chemical reactions because they cause a decrease in activation energy.

Hint 43

1. They are a form of catalyst.

Front 44

Catalysts

Back 44

Speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Hint 44

1. Enzymes are a biological form of this.

Front 45

Active Site

Back 45

Part of an enzyme that connects with a protein or substrate during a reaction.

Hint 45

1. Created to fit with a specific substrate.

Front 46

Substrate

Back 46

Connects with the active site in a reactions. Enzymes act on this.

Hint 46

1. Must fit perfectly with an active site to form a correct enzyme.

Front 47

Metabolism

Back 47

Chemical reaction in an organism to maintain normal function.

Front 48

Metabolism

Back 48

Chemical reaction in an organism to maintain normal function.

Hint 48

1. Specific foods can kickstart this process.

Front 49

Synthesis

Back 49

Chemical reactions cause compounds made from smaller parts inside cells and organisms.

Front 50

Synthesis

Back 50

Combining things to create something new.

Hint 50

1. Chemical reactions with new products occur from this process.

Front 51

Biosynthesis

Back 51

Chemical reactions cause compounds made from smaller parts inside cells and organisms.

Hint 51

1. A form of synthesis found inside the body.

Front 52

Decomposition

Back 52

Decaying of an organism to cause the breakdown of it.

Hint 52

1. Can be caused by heat, light, or activity chemically or biologically.

Front 53

Oxidation

Back 53

Loss of electrons during a chemical reaction.

Hint 53

1. Rust forming on metal is an example of this.

Front 54

ATP

Back 54

Stores energy and kickstarts metabolism. Called adenosine triphosphate.

Front 55

ATP

Back 55

Stores energy and kickstarts metabolism. Called adenosine triphosphate.

Hint 55

1. If one phosphate group is removed, it becomes adenosine diphosphate.

Front 56

ADP

Back 56

Adenosine diphosphate. It is created by removing a phosphate group from ATP.

Hint 56

1. It is a nucleotide that helps to transfer energy.