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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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VLDL ASSOCIATED APOPROTEINS AND ROLE:
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b100: structural/secretion of VLDL. Marker protein for VLDL.
ACE: A1,2,4. A1, C1= activates LCAT. A2= activates hepatic lipase. a4=may aid lipid incorporation into chylomicron. C2: activates LPL. C3=Prevents removal of TG rich particles? E=high affinity ligand for ldl receptor |
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VLDL metabolism leads to formation of
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LDLS
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LP(a) attached to _____protein? Major risk factor for ______
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b100. risk factor for HEART ATTACK
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What lipids move through the blood?
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triglycerides, fatty acids, fat soluble vitamins/drugs, phospholipids, and cholesterol esters
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TG, PhosphoLIpids and Cholesterol are moved using _______.
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lipoproteins (four types)
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four classes of lipoproteins:
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HDLS, LDLS, VLDLS, CHYLOMICRONS
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HDL apoproteins, core lipids:
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A1, A2, E, Cs. core lipids are cholesterol esters
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LDL Aproproteins, corelipids:
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B100, cholesterol ester remnants
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VLDL apoproteins, core lipids
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B100, Cs, E. Triglycerides
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VLDL ASSOCIATED APOPROTEINS AND ROLE:
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b100: structural/secretion of VLDL. Marker protein for VLDL.
ACE: A1,2,4. A1, C1= activates LCAT. A2= activates hepatic lipase. a4=may aid lipid incorporation into chylomicron. C2: activates LPL. C3=Prevents removal of TG rich particles? E=high affinity ligand for LDL receptor |
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CHYLOMICRONS apoproteins and core lipids;
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B48, Cs, E, A1, A2. Triglyceride
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TG synthase complex consists of enzymes that synthesize a TG molecule inside the cell using:
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Acyl coA synthase, MG acyl transferase, DG acltransferase. Allow for TG to move through the cell using FA monoglycerides (mg) then resynthesized inside the cell. allows chylomicrons into the cell
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Chylomicron formation occurs in the _____
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intestinal cells. smooth er (MTP adds lipids to prechylos), then rough er adds apoproteins before exocytosis
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what proteins associate with chylomicrons?
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any ACEs. B48 always present
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lipid and proteins are degraded by esterases and proteases in the_____
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liver. in the lysosome. receptors are recycled
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absorption of chylomicrons/LDL into liver using apoprotein ______. If _____ attached, will _______ the LDL receptors
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E. if C3 attached, will block receptor mediated uptake= more TG to adipocytes and muscle tissues. for storage instead of being processed into VLDL
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ACAT found _____? LCAT found _______?
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acat =acyl coA cholesterol Acyl Transferase. forms cholesterol ester. found in liver. if problem with acat, less cholesterol formed, which has impact on ldl receptor synthesis.
LCAT- lecithin cholesterol esterase forms cholesterol esters to be stored in HDLs |
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cholesterol synthesis
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starts with Acetyl CoA and uses HMG CoA synthase to form HMG CoA. Then uses HMG CoA Reductase to form mevalonate, which in turn gets converted to cholesterol.
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acetyl coA is produced through
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beta oxidation of fatty acids, oxidation of ketogenic amino acids
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NADPH is used during _____part of _______.
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Nadph is the reducing agent used int he second part of the rate limiting step of HMG CoA to mevalonate
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characteristics of group 1 apoproteins
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A124,C123, E-reversibly associate with lipid surface. belong to the same multigene family, and have amphipathic nature (hphobic and hphilic side)
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Group 2 characteristics apoproteins
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B100-vldls, B48-chylomicrons. associated with TG and CE rich lipoproteins. very large
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group 3 apoproteins
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Proteins involved in lipid metabolism: LP(A), LPL(Lipase), LCAT (secreted in liver), ACAT (liver), LPT1, LPT2, ABC proteins
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what happens when there is excess cholesterol?
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cholesterol supresses the activity of hmgcoA reductase(cholesterol synth) vf , increases ACAT activity, supresses LDL receptor expression/ recycling, and incuces the expression of ABCA1-transporters. Scavenger receptors (SR1) are not responsive to cholesterol.
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