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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Collision Theory
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Atoms, ions, and molecules can react to form products when they collide with one another, provided that the colliding particles have enough kinetic energy and the correct orientation
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Particles must __________ hard enough and at the ___________
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hit; right place
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When this happens, bonds break in the __________ and they form in the __________
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reactants; products
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Reaction Rate
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how fast a reaction goes
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Reaction Rate is measured in...
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concentration/time (change in # of moles in an interval of time)
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Reaction Rate depends on...
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Temperature, Concentration, Particle Size, and Activation Energy
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Temperature does what to reactions?
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High temperature speeds up reactions, in most cases, Low temperature slows them down
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Why, when the temperature is high the reaction rate decreases?
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The particles are colliding more often in different places
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Concentration does what to reactions?
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The more concentrated, the faster the reaction will occur
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Particle Size?
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The larger the size, the slower the reaction
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Activation Energy
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Minimum energy that colliding particles must have in order to react and get to the activated complex.
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Activated Complex
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Point of the impact of the molecules, maximum energy
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Catalyst
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A material that speeds up a reaction without being consumed
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Equilibrium
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The exact balancing of 2 processes one of which is the opposite of the other
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Reversible Reaction
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One in which the conversions of products to reactants and reactants to products occur simultaneously
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At chemical equilibrium, there is no change in...
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the actual amounts of the components of the system
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In Equilibrium, both ________ and ________ actions are occurring at all times
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forward; reverse
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Equilibrium Position
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Relative concentrations of the reactants and products at equilibrium
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Equilibrium Expression
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[Products]/[Reactants]
(Keq) |
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Write the equilibrium expression:
H2 (g) + F2 (g) <-> 2HF (g) |
[HF]^2 / [H2] [F2]
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This only works for ________ and ________, not _________ and ____________
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gasses; solutions; solids; liquids
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Solubility Equilibrium
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Something dissolving in equilibrium (Ksp)
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Le Chatlier's Principle
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When a system is at equilibrium, imposing a change on the system will shift the position of the equilibrium to reduce the effect of the change
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Increasing the concentration on one side will...
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shift the equilibrium to the other side
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Increasing the pressure will...
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shift the equilibrium to the side with fewer moles of gas
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Increasing the temperature will...
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shift the equilibrium away from the energy term in the reaction
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What does it mean to say that a state of chemical or physical equilibrium is dynamic?
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It means that both the forward and reverse reactions occur but since their rates are the same, no net change in concentration occurs.
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