Homework 41: The Civil War Ii: The Nature Of Warfare

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April 12, 1861

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Confederate bombardment on Fort Sumpter

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after fort sumpter; states which joined the confed

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virginia, NC, TN, AK

MA, KT, MI still debated

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southerners who supported union

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upland whites, deep southern yeomen (no slaves), border southerners

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northerners who did not support union

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northern dems/irish afraid of job competition

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civil war resources

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Northerners had:
-greater white population
-more factories
-better transportation
-more firearms
-more iron
-more textiles
-more goods

South had;
-millitary/outdoor society

HOWEVER; britain too enjoyed statistical advantages in the rev war

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southern advantages

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-nothern machine would take time
-millitary society
-northern treasury depleted
-food
-draft animals
-cotton= support from british/french?
-defensive war
-north had to extend supply lines
-north was losing manpower to south

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importance of border states to south

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virginia; iron works
ohio river; natural border
missouri: road to west/control of mississippi

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importance of border states to north

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psycological triumph

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Ex Part Merryman

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Suprieme court rules that only congress can suspend writ of habeas corpus in times of war

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border states that stayed

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missouri, maryland, kentucky

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northern advantages

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resoucres! (see civil war resources)
-south had to make new government

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"KIng of Spades"

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General Lee for building trenches. Defensive warfare was preferrred on both sides

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Anaconda PLan

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Comanding UNion General Winfield Scott's plan to the attack- blockade land and sea until the northern army was strong enough to make the kill

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"Forward to Richmond!"

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Lincoln/public wanted a fast war than Winefield scott, - General Irwin McDowell lead 35,000 partially trained troups to Bull RUn, VA

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McClellan

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Replaced McDowell, by fall of 1861 replaced Winfeild Scott

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"abandon the pennisula campain"

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lincolns order to McClellan after he failed to take richmond

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Anrietam

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Lee invades maryland, eventually retreats

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Fort DOnelson and Fort HEnry

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Two confederate forts on the Cumberland and Tennesse rivers, taken by Ulysees S Grant so that he could take Tenn and hold the mississippi

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Shiloh Church

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South counter-attacs ulysis after he took two forts, his army is nearly wiped out

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New Mexico

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Initially confederats do well- eventually pushed out by coloradoians / Mexican/Americans

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Pea ridge

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union takess back missouri from south

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lincolns blockade

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only had 32 ships- complteley ineffective

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The Merrimack

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A fed ship taken by southerners, renaimed Virginia, and covered in arour- extremely effective against wooden ships

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The Monitor

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Union iron clad ship

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Confederate Raiders

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Confederate raider ships many built in england to mess up northern commerce- rather effective. the alabama destroyed 69 uion merchant ships

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Coton Diplomacy

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Southerners thought that that they could use cotton to get support from Europe- but Europe found cotton in INdia and Eygpt

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"Greenbacks"

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NOrtherers refered to their new paper money used to finacnce the war. both sides printed paper money to finance war- confederacy suffered serious inflation

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Draft

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South relied more healily on it, north had enormous immigrant pool. still, new york rioted over draft (though that had to do alot with irish v. blacks too)

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Alexander Stephens

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Davis' Vice President of the Confederacy

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Copperheads

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Peace democrats of the north, who claimed the Lincoln betrayed the contistuion and that working-class Americans bore the brunt of his conscription policy

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1863

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Emancipation Prolamation

significant date because Lincoln tried to remain moderate for a while

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Antietam

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Finnally a Union victory which gave Lincoln the political leverage to begin abolishment

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1862

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Fall, Lincoln begins emaciptaion, saying that unless rebel states lay down arms by jan 1st all slaves were free