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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Homeostasis
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maintenance of stable environment
regulation of physiological systems nervous system is the main regulator |
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What are internal environmental variables
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Extracellular fluid
Gaseous Levels Nutrient Concentration and Waste products |
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What is the homeostatic triad?
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Receptor
Control Center Effector |
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What does negative feedback involve?
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Detection of stimulus and reversal of stimulus or reduction
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Body Temp and Blood pressure are examples of this type of feedback
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Negative
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What is positive feedback?
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Change in variable leads to amplification of variable
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Labor contractions and blood clotting are examples of what type of feedback?
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positive
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What kind of bonding can water do?
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Hydrogen bond
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Name the importance of water
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-temperature regulator
-High heat capacity -Protective cushion -metabolic reaction -solvent -transporter |
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What are the two main fluid compartments
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Extracellular fluid
Intracellular fluid |
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What are the 2 extracellular fluid compartments?
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plasma
interstitial |
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The water distribution in human depends on
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Sex
Fat content Age |
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How does the body absorb water?
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Along digestive track
osmotic gradient create absorption of water |
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How does the body lose water?
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Urination
Secretion (sweat glands) |
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What is insensible prespiration
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loss of water through humidity levels and does not involve sweat glands
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What is sensible prespiration?
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loss of water through temperature
involves sweat gland |
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Name the electrolytes in ICF
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potassium (cat)
proteins phosphate (an) |
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Name the electrolytes in ECF
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Sodium (cat)
cloride (an) |
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What controls osmosis and muscle contraction and is the function of the nervous system?
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Sodium
Potassium |
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What is involved in bone formation and blood clotting
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Calcium
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What helps as a coenzyme and bone formation
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Magnesium
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What helps in bone formation and pH regulation
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Phosphate
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What is a pH regulater and carbon oxygen regulator
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carbonates
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Urea and waste products
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Organic acids
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Osmotic balance
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Cloride
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dehydration
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long term transfer loss that cannot replace ECF water losss
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What is the flow from ICF to Urine?
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ICF
Insterstitial fluid Plasma Kidney filterate urine |
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Ingestion to ICF
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Ingestion
GI- tract plasma interstitial fluid ICF |
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The most influential elelctrolytes are
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sodium and potassium
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Sodium Homeostasis: What is the Receptor
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Osmo-receptor, it monitors ECF
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Sodium Homeostasis: What is the control center's function
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counter-balance changes
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Sodium Homeostasis: What effectors are involved?
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Various glands
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What is ADH control of
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Water loss and retention by kidneys and thirst
fluid exchange between ECF and ICF |
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What if Sodium is high?
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Increase in ECF (Na)
osmoreceptors are stimulated hypothalamus increases ADH which stimulates thirst and restricts urine loss |
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What if Sodium is low?
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Decrease in ECF
Osmoreceptors inhibited hypothalamus decreases ADH inhibits thirst and urine lost |
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Elevated sodium levels > 145
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hypernatremia (dehydration)
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Low sodium levels < 136
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Hyponatremia (excess intake of water)
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Fluid Vol Homeostasis: increase in blood
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increase in blood pressure
hypertension |
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Decrease in blood
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decrease in blood pressure
hypotension |
