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8 Cards in this Set

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Define Homeostasis and state it's importance
Homeostasis is a dynamic state of equilibrium within the body

it is vital for maintaining the balance within the body, ensuring optimal performance
Negative Feedback
Negative feedback is a system used to maintain Homeostasis by shutting off the original stimulus

e.g. regulation of blood sugar in humans

1. ↑ blood sugar levels
2. insulin sends a signal to the liver, muscles and other cells to store the excess glucose
3. consequently, ↓ blood sugar levels
Positive feedback
a stimulus produces a response that exaggerates or enhances the original change in conditions, rather than opposing it

e.g. Blood clotting
1. A damaged vessel releases chemicals into the blood stream which signal to other cells to come to the site
2. As the clot forms, more chemicals are released. These chemicals signal for more clotting agents
3. This system repeats until the damaged vessel is closed, no longer releasing chemicals and therefore ending the process
Define disease
disease is a state of deviation from normal health or wellbeing

a disruption of Homeostasis
Levels of disease
Metabolic - disruption in normal function of cells and organs

Inflammatory - reaction to injury or harmful agents

Congenital/hereditary - cell altering

Chronical - causes degeneration

Cancer - abnormal cell growth (can be benign or malignant)
Types of disease
Non-infectious
- caused by heredity, lifestyle, environment or nutritional deficiencies

Infectious
- caused by Bacteria, fungi, viruses or protozoa
Infectious disease examples
Fungi
e.g. dermatophytes (athlete's foot)

Bacteria
e.g. cholera

Viruses
e.g. ebola

Protozoa
e.g. Plasmodium (causes malaria)
How are diseases spread?
Direct Contact
- kissing
- touching
- vertical (via womb)
- vector (carrier)

Indirect Contact
- contaminated food or water
- air
- fomites (objects carrying infection e.g. door handles)
direct and indirect contact