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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chromosomes |
Rod-shaped structures made of DNA and proteins |
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Chromatid |
One of the two strands of a chromosome that become visible during meiosis or mitosis |
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Centromere |
The region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis |
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Sex Chromosome |
One of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
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Autosome |
Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
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Homologous Chromosome |
Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis |
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Binary Fission |
A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size |
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Mitosis |
In eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes |
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Asexual Reproduction |
Reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
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Meiosis |
A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two division s of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells (gametes or spores) |
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Gamete |
A haploid reproductive cell that unites with another haploid reproductive cell to form a zygote |
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Interphase |
A period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows, copies its DNA, and synthesizes proteins |
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Cytokenesis |
The division of the cytoplasma of a cell; cytokinesis follows the division of the cell's nucleus by mitosis or meiosis` |
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Cell Plate |
The precursor of a new plant cell wall that forms during cell division and divides a cell into two |
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Crossing-Over |
The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis; can result in genetic recombination |
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Genetic Recombination |
The regrouping of genes in an offspring that results in a genetic makeup that is different from that of the parents |
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Independent Assortment |
The random distribution of the pairs of genes on different chromosomes to the gametes |
