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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe Hitler's Early Life
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Very Brilliant up until high school, and then he became difficult, dropped out. Decidedto go to to art school in Vienna, but was rejected twice. He sold art on the street until the War. Then he went to war and came back shattered when Germany lost the war.
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What Happened when WW1 ended in Hitlers life?
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Hitler was trained as a speaker and spied on many different groups. He liked the Nazis, and by 1920 he became the leader of the Nazi group.
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What did Hitler do after ending up in Prison after the first coup?
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During his Prison sentence he wrote Mine Kampf. This talked about the ideal race and how Germans deserved everything. He talked about how the Germans were stabbed in the backby the commies and the Jews.
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Who were the Brown Shirts?
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The attracted the types of people that wanted an excuse to go beat people up, they would beat up political opponents and Jews, harassed opposition parties and started fights on the streets. This is how they built political carerrs.
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In 1928 How many seats did the Nazi party win? In 1930 They became a significant minority party when they won how many seats
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12 seats, they became a national presence.
In 1930 they won 107 seats. |
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What significant event occurred in 1929 and 1930 that helped Hitler to power?
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The depression began, in 1930 people became worried that the democratic was going to fail. The Nazis became to campaign against communists and capitalists, in 1932 they won 37% of the national vote, more seats than any party.
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Who was President at the time that Hitler came into power? What position did he give Hitler.
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President Paul von Hindenburg - thought he would give Hitler a position of power in order to control him and placate the Nazis. He became chancellor in January 1933
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After January 1933 what did Hitler start to ask of the President? What laws did he pass?
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February 4th, persuaded the President to sign a decree to prohibit public meetings that threatened security.
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What important occurance happened in February 27th 1933 that helped Hitler to even more power? What was built in March of 1933 in order to hold political enemies?
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The Parliment building was set on fire. They blamed the communists and arrested innocent men to blame for it. Dauchau was opened to hold political enemies.
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What did the Nazis start to take away from the German people after the Parliment building?
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They suspended basic rights
Freedom of speech, assembly, press, no longer free fro invasion of privacy Search houses without warrant Gave power to federal government and allowed them to take over all states, opposed death penalty for all crimes |
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What was the only party to stand up to Hitler?
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The social Democrats
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What was the Enabling act?
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Transferred all legislative power to the executive branch. Said they did not have to adhere to the constitution, basically they all voted for the dictatorship.
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In March 13th, how did Gobbles increase the propaganda for the Nazis?
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One of their aims was that the Nazi ideology would become the official policy in German. They controlled the film, books, and radio.
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In May what did the Nazis do to begin ensuring that it would be a one party state?
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Labor Unions were powerful, so the Nazis disbanded them and killed the leaders, the they began to kill the social democrats, then they started to burn the books in Germany.
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By July 14th? what were the Nazis?
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Nazis were the only legal party? The educational cirruculum was re-vamped to include anti-Jew and anti-comunists cirruculam..
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When Hidenburg died in 1934, what did the party do?
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They got rid of the position of president and chancellor and instilled the Furer, Hitler. Within a few months, they took over everything.
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What happened in July 13?
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Passed a law for the prevention of hereditary defective offspring. They forcibly sterilized people. The first people that were killed were the physically ill and the mentally retarded.
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Name the policies that came within these dates:
April 1st 1933 April 7th 1933 What other things happened in April? |
1st - called for the boycott
7th - Restoration for Professional Civil Service, not arayan then you have to retire from your pose, but did not apply to people in the first World War. Later in April - they revoked citizenship to Jews who had recently become citizens. |
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When were Jews officially kicked out of School?
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1938, They began to set quotas, 1.5% of the total number of students were be allowed to be Jewish.
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What was the official consideration for Jews?
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Anyone with one Jewish parent or one Jewish grandparent then you were considered a Jew.
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What percentage of Jewish people left in 1933?
When were the Nuremburg Laws passed and what were they? |
7-8%
The Nuremburg Laws started in 1935. The law said if you were not Arayan you were not a citizen. If you were German, you had to prove it. The second law was Eugenic, protected German blood and German honor, says a Jew cannot marry an Arayan and not sexual relationship. A Jew cannot employ a person under 45,Jews were forbidden to fly German flag. |
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What was the definition of a Jew? What was the definition of a Michling?
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A jew is a person descended from at least 3 grandparents who are full Jews. A Michling was a person with one grandparent who was a Jew by race.
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When were the Olympics, and how did the Germans act?
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any people wanted to boycott the Olympics, but they had them anyway. None of the Jewish were allowed to compete, they took down all of the propaganda posters until they were over then they all went back up.
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What happened in 1937? How many Jews had left by 1938?
What happened on November 9th 1938? |
The Blood liable case came to trial. Many Jews had left 200,000 out of 500,000
Kristelnaught, the night of broken glass - The world was aware of what was going on but didn't do much. |
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Why did Kristelnaught happen?
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A young boy living in Paris found his parents and sister were stranded at the border, he lost it, went to the German embassy in Paris, and shot the first official he saw. This led to a propaganda frenzyfor the Gerans, and they went out and killed Jews, broke thousands of windows.
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What did the Evian Conference deal with?
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The refugee crisis and the Jews.
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Why were the Jews forced to have a J on their passport?
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Many of the people did not want the people to have the Jews emmigrate to their countries. The Swiss wanted to keep from gettign a flood of refugees, so they requested a mark on the passport - starting with a J on the passports of German Jews.
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On March 12th 1938, what country did Hitler take over, and what happened. Who was Adolf Eichman and what did he do to the Vienna Jews?
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There was a peaceful movement into Austria, Hitler wrote about this in Mine Kampf, wanted all of the Germans to live together.
Adolf Eichmann made life miserable for the Vienna Jews, he made all of the restrictions for Austrain Jews overnight, what took the German jews months to do. |
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What was Hitler allowed to take over after the Czechoslovakia conference?
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Hitler claimed that Germans were mistreated in Czech, has the Munich conference where Hitler, Chamberlain, and Mouselinni were representative. He wanted the Czech part of Czechoslovakia, and no-one did anything about it.
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What did the British country do in response to Kristelnaight?
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they initiated the Kindertransport. After November 9th they had the Kindertransport until december 1st, 1939, when the war offically broke out.
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Who was Sir Frances Galton?
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He developed techniques to analyze data on Human populations. A very respected person of his time.
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Who was malthus, and what was his essay on the Principle of Population
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concerned with how many babies people were having, afraid that poor people were having too many children, going to be over-run, the social consequences of not having any food was concerning.
Did not want to recommend cleansliness to the poor we should do the opposite and allow disease to control the population. Thought there was a gene for feeble mindedness, a gene for alcoholism. |
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What book by Madison Grant greatly influenced Hitler and Coolige? Who did Germany begin to look at for laws on sterilization?
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The Passing of the Great Race: Booked talked about things like not allowing everyone to vote. Good race strains were replaced by immigrants of lower type.
The US, as they were sucessful in their Eugenics model. |
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When was War declared on Germany by Britian and France? What was the cause?
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When Poland was invaded, Britian and France declared war on Germany, but they didn't do anything. 5 weeks later, Poland surrendered and Germany began to carve them up.
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What were the only 4 countries not taken over by the Germans/
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Sweden, Switzerland, Spain, and Portugol
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What countries were taken over in the Spring of 1940?
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Invasion of Denmark and Norway, The Norway Royal family left, the regime did not protest when all of their Jews were sent off to Auschwitz. Denmark was the opposite to Norway, the King stayed and they distinguished themselves as non-Nazis, they saved nearly all of their Jews. Finland would fight on the side of the Germans later in order to fight against the Russians.
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What happened on May 10th? May 17th?
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The Germans went for Belgium. On May 17 the Germans moved into France. By June 17th the Germans defeated France and saw a cease-fire, the only country fighting against the Germans was Great Britian, More than half of France was under direct German control.
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Who was Vichy?
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Vichy ran part of France that wasn't under direct German control. The government sent away all of the Jews. This person was sympathetic to Hitler, and made things difficult for the Jews as well.
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Who was invaded May 10th and surrendered May 14th?
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The Netherlands were invaded on May 10th and surrendered on May 14th. Most of them resisted, there was huge underground activity.
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When did the Germans take over Hungary?
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The Germans took over Hungary in March of 1944. They got rid of the Jews in Hungary very late in the war.
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When were the Ghettos set up in Poland?
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Ghettos were set up in the fall of 1940, they only happened in the East European countries becuase of the large populations.
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When did the Mobile Killing Squads begin?
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The mobile killing squads began in the Summer of 1941 during the surprise invasion of the Soviet Union.
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What was the difference between the care in Eastern Europe and Western Europe?
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Eastern Europe - Jews were put into Ghettos
Western Europe - Jews were taken out into the woods and shot |
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When did the Jewish deportation to death camps begin?
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The Spring of 1942, first Jews went to Auschwitz, they liquidated the Ghettos and killed almost everyone.
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How did the Nazis take over Poland? What was done to the Poles, Polish Jews, etc.
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The Germans kidnapped Polish children with Arayan traits and sent them to live with German families. They also moved Germans into Poland, setting them up as colonists. They put the Jews into Ghettos. They started to re-name the towns to make them sound more German. Such as Auschwitz instead of Auschwitzuim. The governent would be dumping ground for poles and Jews.
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Where was Heydrich assasinated?
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Chezch. He was labled the butcher of Prague. He held a meeting of the SS high up officals called the Jewish Question in occupied Territory.
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What were the Special Action Squads?
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The Special Action Squads were killing squads that moved place to place.
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What country suffered the longest under German occupation? When did everyone have to start to wear an armband?
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November 23 everyone had to wear an armband. The Warsaw Ghetto was the largest Ghetto in the community of Poland - which was the first invaded country in Europe.
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When did the Warsaw Ghetto come about?
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Spring of 1940. They built the war around the Warsaw Ghetto. It wasn't the only place the Jews lived, they had to move all of the Polish people out in order to move the Jews in. 500,000 Jews (30% of the pop) were put in to the Ghetto (2% of the city).
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How were the conditions in the Ghetto?
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There were many people packed in to one room - The jewish council had to assign the housing, it was very crowded. Food was allowed in, but the Nazis would sell it. The plumbing did not work and there was no hot water.
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What type of Food was allowed in the Ghetto? How was the health of the people in the Ghetto?
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Potatoes and bread. Not high quality food, soetimes there was a little fish, but it was mostly carbohydrates. There was a lot of disease, but no medicine. Stress would contribute to a lot of the illness.
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Where and When were all of the Gypsies sent to the Ghettos?
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The Gypsies were sent to the Lodz Ghetto in November of 1941, they were deported to the death camp.
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What were the first two stages of the final solution?
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The Jewish Police in the Ghetto and the Jewish Council who have to decide who is to live and die are the first part of the solution, the Mobile Killing Squads who go around killing people in the SU are also a part of the final solution.
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What is the 2nd phase of the Final Solution?
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The mobile killing squads were the second phase of the final solution, this started in the Summer of 1941, after the SU was occupied. Himmler sent out a memo to all of the soilgers saying that these killings were solely his responsibility.
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What was the Wannsee Conference? What occurred here?
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At the Wannsee Conference they discussed whom would be killed and what would be done next. Heydrich attended the meeting (he was in charge of the final solution) and told everyone what the next steps would be in killing the Jews. Martin Luther's copy of the transcript of the meeting was found and was the sole remaining copy, all of the other tapes were burned.
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What logistics did Heydrich discuss at the Wannsee Conference?
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He discussed how many Jews were in each country and how they were to be relocated. they also decided what the distinction was between a jew and a German/Jew. they also decided who would be relocated to Terezin (the Ghetto for the old aged). They also discussed the Jews in the war industries.
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