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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What happened in the 1960's and 70's that marked a new direction for Hollywood?
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Renewed Rise of Independ productions
Mergers and Conglomerates |
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What were the characteristics of the Package system?
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Focused on a single film at a time
Smaller distribution deals Personnel was chosen along with the marketing tactics |
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What is an example of the Package system?
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The Manchurian Candidate
It was produced by 3 people |
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of the package system?
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Adv. Exercise creative ideas, express oneself
Break classic hollywood rules Disadv. Rely on studios for final say |
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What is the AIP and what did they do?
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American International Pictures
Were most successful independent company Low budget films with protest content Created the biker film and drug film |
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What is saturation marketing?
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Putting ads in as many theatres as possible and saturating the market with your film
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What 5 reasons made Easy Rider a hit?
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1. Rock Soundtrack
2. Mix of genres (Biker, road, protest, drug, western) 3. Social relevence - Hair and youth Culture 4. Social relevance: Narrative Structure and film's overall meaning 5. Social relevance: The ending, biker's get shot |
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What happened with Universal and within the mergers and conglomerates movement?
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-1959 MCA buys out Universal
-Universal moves strongly into TV production -Universal is first Hollywood major to acheive integration between films and TV |
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What happened to Paramount in the mergers and conglomerates movement?
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Bought out by Gulf and Western.
Gulf and Western was an auto company and everyone questioned if they knew what they were doing? |
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Why was Paramounts buy out distinc?
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Purchased by company outside media industry
Gulf and Western wants their lot and film library, sells archives to TV studios G&W goes on to do horizontal integration and becomes media prevelent G&W are serious in movei business hire good people |
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Who bought United Artists?
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Trans America
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Who did Warner Bros. merge with?
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Seven Arts Entertainment Corporation
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Who bought MGM?
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Kirk Kerkorian and sells off parts of business
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What were the changing exhibition trends in the 1960's and 70's?
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Falling attendance in theatres (Competition from tv)
Changing dynamics between studio and theatre owners Rise and Demise of the Drive in Theatre The Shopping Mall and Earlier multiplex Other Developments |
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What contributed to falling attendance in theatres in the 60's 70's?
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Suburbinization and changing demographics offers alternative activities
Mainly whites moving to suburb, urban areas defined by black population |
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What were the changing dynamics between studio and theatre owners?
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Changes from house nut to floor figure
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What is House Nut?
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Theatre owners get money from actual attendance in theatre
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What is Floor Figure?
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Distributor/Studio are guarunteed money no matter the theatre attendance and they pay a fixed percentage
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Why did Drive ins become so popular?
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America's love of the automobile and suburbinization
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When did Dolby Sound emerge?
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1970s
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What were some other developments that changed the exhibition trend in the 60's-70's?
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Dolby Sound
Tv is a 2nd run venue Made for TV movies (ex. Brian's Song) Tv Miniseries (Roots 1977) Calbe TV: HBO begins |
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What is serriality?
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Installments of narratives over time
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What marked the beginning of New Hollywood 1?
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The Graduate and Bonnie and Clyde
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What were the new characteristics of New Hollywood 1?
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More self consciousness
Rise of package system Foreign film influence film school generation New stars Audience schooled in movie conventions "connected genre picture |
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What was the name for the lighting at dusk during days of Heaven?
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Magic Hour Lighting
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What was contrapuntal narration?
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Narration doesn't match the visual action, after killing the narrator talks of fun things
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Does Hollywood change it's narratives in response to the 60's historical context?
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Sort of
Easy Rider was innnovative Films made to appeal to counter culture college films Produces many sequels |
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What was the general difference between Left and Right cycle films?
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Left is man vs. machine ex. Easy Rider
Right is Dirty Harry - conservative, cop vs criminal ex. Death Wish |
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What is a disguised western?
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Traditional mythologies of the Western whether they fall or not
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What are characteristics of left cycle films?
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Outlaw Hero (represents counter culture
The frontier is dead/closed 3. Mythic Self-Consciousness |
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How does the left cycle represent the Outlaw hero?
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Villians are not normally shown
Characters hae intuition and spontaneity go by their wits Freedom, relecutance to settle down Playful adolescent characters |
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How is the frontier dead with left cycle films?
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Hopes and possibilities associated with the concept are gone
Mise-en scene has everything in front of the camera Typer of vilian - Motel Owner, hicks Attitude toward individualism - power of individual can go so far |
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What are acharacteristics of right cycle film?
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Official Hero
Frontier is still open/possible Tradional mythologies presented |
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What is the officil hero is right cycle films?
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Architect and fights on law side
Family man represents law officially or unofficially Traits of an outlaw |
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How is the fronteir still open in right cycle films?
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ARgue for continued application of western tactics within urban crime
-Mise-en-scene New york is grungy and hellish, untaimed fronteir Villian is police chief, the streets, muggers, african americans |
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How are Left and right cycles blurred?
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Both cycles distrust institutions and embrace the individual and individualism
both feature heroes who are outlaws and reluctant heroes Both sides reincarnate the western hero |
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How is the frontier different between cycles?
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Right only implies the frontier is lost while left is more explicit
The left heroes demonstrate difficulty of maintaining old values in a new world |
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What are characteristics of blaxploitation?
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Films break racial segregation in movies, influence later films
All low budget action/adventure Late 60's early 70's, Focus on black directors, black characters Seti n the Ghetto |
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Why rise in blaxploitation?
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1. State of Civil Rights Movement
2. Dissatisfaction of black leaders, entertainers and intellectuals with Hollywood's representation of blacks 3. End of studio system and economic difficulties |
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What is the NAACP
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National Association for Advancement of Colored People
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What did CORE stand for?
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Congress of Racial Equality
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What did SNCC Stand for?
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Student Non-violend Coordinating Committee
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What is Sidney Poitier Syndtome?
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Positive stereotype, ebony saint, balck in film that helps whites solve their problems. Race has no social or political context when racism is present
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what were the changes in Hollywood that help rise in blaxploitation?
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Independent films
Protest films Suburbinization Censorship Pressures on Hollywood Federal Fair Employment Act |
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What happened in 1963 with blackploitation
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NAACP, ACLU Attack hollywood for racism and job discrimination many actors back this, want better black representation on and off screen
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What happened in 1965 with blaxploitation?
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Federal Fair employment feds attempt to sue Hollywood for discrimination
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How is Shaft controversial in black communities?
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Goes back to stereotypes with blacks in the ghetto.
Women were used as objects for Shaft's pleasure, no characterization for women Young people imitated the blaxploitation heroes. Bad role models |
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What was the CAB
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Coalition against Blaxploitation led by Jesse Jackson
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What spelled the end for Blaxploitation films?
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1. Black creation of CAB
2. Hollywood's recovery from economic crisis 3. Cultivation of black stars who could more comfortably fit into mainstrem hollywood fare 4. Rise of the vigilante film and waning of liberalism 5. Black audience tired of Blaxploitation formula and go to white films with similar shock value |
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What triggered new Hollywood 2 and when?
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The rise of the blockbuster after 1975
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What developments lead up to the blockbuster syndrome?
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The paramount case
Conglomeration adn diversification of media The after market The failure of New hollywood 1 to stabilize the economic fortunes of industry |
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What worked to make the Godfather a blockbuster?
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Preselling with established franchise
Publicity with trailers Soundtrack was popular Style and genres were mixed that were successful Nostalgia - goes back to older order |
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How was Jaws a blockbuster?
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1. Was presold, based on novel
2. Nationwide release/saturation booking national publicity campaign and released in many theatres 3. Hype and marketing ex. production problems 4. John Williams theme 5. Merchandising 6. Quality Filmaking, good word of mouth 7. Mixed genres, buddy film, horror, action adventure, disaster |
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What was the impact of Jaws?
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1. established the summer blockbuster season
2. made nationwide release and saturation booking central to the industry, especially important with shopping mall phenomenon 3. Saturation of advertising and use of TV trailers 4. Shafted perspective of industry on youth market 5. Male orientation of commercial movies 6. Bolstered the emergence of superior star directors as steven spielberg 7. Helped spur more theatre reissues and sequels 8. Importance of cable tv and home video as major markets |
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What are characteristics of New Hollywood 2?
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Plot over character
More self-reflexive - give ppl what they expect from the genre Purposeful incoherence - no clear interpretation |
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NH2 blockbuster rules?
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1. stars and production values
2. the reward - risk factor spend money upfront, use presold films, imple characters and plots that are male driven, franchise is reward 3. a films theatrical release creates cultural commodity that can be profitably repurposed, reboot or remake, prequel sequel |