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56 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What happened in the 1960's and 70's that marked a new direction for Hollywood?
Renewed Rise of Independ productions
Mergers and Conglomerates
What were the characteristics of the Package system?
Focused on a single film at a time
Smaller distribution deals
Personnel was chosen along with the marketing tactics
What is an example of the Package system?
The Manchurian Candidate
It was produced by 3 people
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the package system?
Adv. Exercise creative ideas, express oneself
Break classic hollywood rules

Disadv. Rely on studios for final say
What is the AIP and what did they do?
American International Pictures
Were most successful independent company
Low budget films with protest content
Created the biker film and drug film
What is saturation marketing?
Putting ads in as many theatres as possible and saturating the market with your film
What 5 reasons made Easy Rider a hit?
1. Rock Soundtrack
2. Mix of genres (Biker, road, protest, drug, western)
3. Social relevence - Hair and youth Culture
4. Social relevance: Narrative Structure and film's overall meaning
5. Social relevance: The ending, biker's get shot
What happened with Universal and within the mergers and conglomerates movement?
-1959 MCA buys out Universal
-Universal moves strongly into TV production
-Universal is first Hollywood major to acheive integration between films and TV
What happened to Paramount in the mergers and conglomerates movement?
Bought out by Gulf and Western.
Gulf and Western was an auto company and everyone questioned if they knew what they were doing?
Why was Paramounts buy out distinc?
Purchased by company outside media industry
Gulf and Western wants their lot and film library, sells archives to TV studios
G&W goes on to do horizontal integration and becomes media prevelent
G&W are serious in movei business hire good people
Who bought United Artists?
Trans America
Who did Warner Bros. merge with?
Seven Arts Entertainment Corporation
Who bought MGM?
Kirk Kerkorian and sells off parts of business
What were the changing exhibition trends in the 1960's and 70's?
Falling attendance in theatres (Competition from tv)
Changing dynamics between studio and theatre owners
Rise and Demise of the Drive in Theatre
The Shopping Mall and Earlier multiplex
Other Developments
What contributed to falling attendance in theatres in the 60's 70's?
Suburbinization and changing demographics offers alternative activities
Mainly whites moving to suburb, urban areas defined by black population
What were the changing dynamics between studio and theatre owners?
Changes from house nut to floor figure
What is House Nut?
Theatre owners get money from actual attendance in theatre
What is Floor Figure?
Distributor/Studio are guarunteed money no matter the theatre attendance and they pay a fixed percentage
Why did Drive ins become so popular?
America's love of the automobile and suburbinization
When did Dolby Sound emerge?
1970s
What were some other developments that changed the exhibition trend in the 60's-70's?
Dolby Sound
Tv is a 2nd run venue
Made for TV movies (ex. Brian's Song)
Tv Miniseries (Roots 1977)
Calbe TV: HBO begins
What is serriality?
Installments of narratives over time
What marked the beginning of New Hollywood 1?
The Graduate and Bonnie and Clyde
What were the new characteristics of New Hollywood 1?
More self consciousness
Rise of package system
Foreign film influence
film school generation
New stars
Audience schooled in movie conventions
"connected genre picture
What was the name for the lighting at dusk during days of Heaven?
Magic Hour Lighting
What was contrapuntal narration?
Narration doesn't match the visual action, after killing the narrator talks of fun things
Does Hollywood change it's narratives in response to the 60's historical context?
Sort of
Easy Rider was innnovative
Films made to appeal to counter culture college films
Produces many sequels
What was the general difference between Left and Right cycle films?
Left is man vs. machine ex. Easy Rider
Right is Dirty Harry - conservative, cop vs criminal ex. Death Wish
What is a disguised western?
Traditional mythologies of the Western whether they fall or not
What are characteristics of left cycle films?
Outlaw Hero (represents counter culture
The frontier is dead/closed
3. Mythic Self-Consciousness
How does the left cycle represent the Outlaw hero?
Villians are not normally shown
Characters hae intuition and spontaneity go by their wits
Freedom, relecutance to settle down
Playful adolescent characters
How is the frontier dead with left cycle films?
Hopes and possibilities associated with the concept are gone

Mise-en scene has everything in front of the camera

Typer of vilian - Motel Owner, hicks

Attitude toward individualism - power of individual can go so far
What are acharacteristics of right cycle film?
Official Hero
Frontier is still open/possible
Tradional mythologies presented
What is the officil hero is right cycle films?
Architect and fights on law side
Family man
represents law officially or unofficially
Traits of an outlaw
How is the fronteir still open in right cycle films?
ARgue for continued application of western tactics within urban crime
-Mise-en-scene New york is grungy and hellish, untaimed fronteir
Villian is police chief, the streets, muggers, african americans
How are Left and right cycles blurred?
Both cycles distrust institutions and embrace the individual and individualism
both feature heroes who are outlaws and reluctant heroes
Both sides reincarnate the western hero
How is the frontier different between cycles?
Right only implies the frontier is lost while left is more explicit
The left heroes demonstrate difficulty of maintaining old values in a new world
What are characteristics of blaxploitation?
Films break racial segregation in movies, influence later films
All low budget action/adventure
Late 60's early 70's,
Focus on black directors, black characters
Seti n the Ghetto
Why rise in blaxploitation?
1. State of Civil Rights Movement
2. Dissatisfaction of black leaders, entertainers and intellectuals with Hollywood's representation of blacks
3. End of studio system and economic difficulties
What is the NAACP
National Association for Advancement of Colored People
What did CORE stand for?
Congress of Racial Equality
What did SNCC Stand for?
Student Non-violend Coordinating Committee
What is Sidney Poitier Syndtome?
Positive stereotype, ebony saint, balck in film that helps whites solve their problems. Race has no social or political context when racism is present
what were the changes in Hollywood that help rise in blaxploitation?
Independent films
Protest films
Suburbinization
Censorship
Pressures on Hollywood
Federal Fair Employment Act
What happened in 1963 with blackploitation
NAACP, ACLU Attack hollywood for racism and job discrimination many actors back this, want better black representation on and off screen
What happened in 1965 with blaxploitation?
Federal Fair employment feds attempt to sue Hollywood for discrimination
How is Shaft controversial in black communities?
Goes back to stereotypes with blacks in the ghetto.
Women were used as objects for Shaft's pleasure, no characterization for women
Young people imitated the blaxploitation heroes. Bad role models
What was the CAB
Coalition against Blaxploitation led by Jesse Jackson
What spelled the end for Blaxploitation films?
1. Black creation of CAB
2. Hollywood's recovery from economic crisis
3. Cultivation of black stars who could more comfortably fit into mainstrem hollywood fare
4. Rise of the vigilante film and waning of liberalism
5. Black audience tired of Blaxploitation formula and go to white films with similar shock value
What triggered new Hollywood 2 and when?
The rise of the blockbuster after 1975
What developments lead up to the blockbuster syndrome?
The paramount case
Conglomeration adn diversification of media
The after market
The failure of New hollywood 1 to stabilize the economic fortunes of industry
What worked to make the Godfather a blockbuster?
Preselling with established franchise
Publicity with trailers
Soundtrack was popular
Style and genres were mixed that were successful
Nostalgia - goes back to older order
How was Jaws a blockbuster?
1. Was presold, based on novel
2. Nationwide release/saturation booking national publicity campaign and released in many theatres
3. Hype and marketing
ex. production problems
4. John Williams theme
5. Merchandising
6. Quality Filmaking, good word of mouth
7. Mixed genres, buddy film, horror, action adventure, disaster
What was the impact of Jaws?
1. established the summer blockbuster season
2. made nationwide release and saturation booking central to the industry, especially important with shopping mall phenomenon
3. Saturation of advertising and use of TV trailers
4. Shafted perspective of industry on youth market
5. Male orientation of commercial movies
6. Bolstered the emergence of superior star directors as steven spielberg
7. Helped spur more theatre reissues and sequels
8. Importance of cable tv and home video as major markets
What are characteristics of New Hollywood 2?
Plot over character
More self-reflexive - give ppl what they expect from the genre
Purposeful incoherence - no clear interpretation
NH2 blockbuster rules?
1. stars and production values
2. the reward - risk factor
spend money upfront, use presold films, imple characters and plots that are male driven, franchise is reward
3. a films theatrical release creates cultural commodity that can be profitably repurposed, reboot or remake, prequel sequel