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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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major water pollutants
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pathogens/infectious agents
*oxygen-demanding pollutants *water soluble inorganic chemicals *inorganic plant nutrients *organic chemicals *sediment/suspended matter *radioactive isotopes *thermal pollution |
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pathogens/infectious agents
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salmonella, cholera, amoebic dysentery, typhus, malaria, viruses
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oxygen-demanding pollutants
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organic wastes, raw sewage
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water soluble inorganic chemicals
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salts (NaCL), acids, Pb/Hg
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inorganic plant nutrients
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NO3- and PO4-3
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organic chemicals
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oil, gas, solvent (benzene), pesticides
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sediment/suspended matter
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soil, silt, muck, turbidity (cloudiness)
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radioactive isotopes
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uranium, plutonium, radioactive iodine, cesium, barium, stronium
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thermal pollution
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heat, hot water from power plants
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B.O.D.
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biochemical oxygen demand
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pollution problems in streams
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monitoring oxygen and coliform bacteria (8-10 ppm; e-coli)
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bad news for streams
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*spill- large fish kills
*discharge from industry sewage/plants *increase in problems in developing countries- lack of portable water |
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pollution problems in lakes
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*sources of trouble (factories, farms, waste water treatment)
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case study: cuyahoga river
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1969: burning river
*no fish species in 60's *dozens of fish species spawn (or try to) in the river *still needs damn removal or edging |
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case study: great lakes
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*point sources: factories, wastewater treatment
*nonpoint sources: agricultural sources, runoff from roads, yards *biological pollution AKA genetic pollution: sealamprey, round goby, zebra mussel |
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what is cultural eutrophication
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high inputs of nutrients near civilization
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how can eutrophication be prevented
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keep it out of tributories
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importance of groundwater
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*drinking water
*irrigations in midwest and great plains |
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hazards to groundwater
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??
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protection of groundwater
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*better monitoring of aquifiers
*leak detection systems for underground tanks *ban/regulate deep injection wells and landfills *above ground storage of hazardous liquids |
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is dilution the solution to pollution?
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in some ways yes- problem of overload along our coasts
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types of ocean pollutants
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*toxic sediments in bays, harbors (black mayonaise)
*raw sewage and aludge (treates sewage solids) *oil from spills and ship bilage water |
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problems of oil pollution
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can have serious/long term effects on ecosystems
*exxon valdez- alaska 1987 *santa barbra- 1969 union oil rig |
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london dumping convention of 1972
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100 countries agree:
*no toxic pollutants *high level radioactive waste in oceans beyond national boundaries |
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leading sources of surface-water pollution
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non-point from agriculture
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clean water act of 1972
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biological, chemical, and physical aspects of water
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drinking water: water treatment
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storage->
purification (filtering, charcoal)-> chlorine-> possible U.V. sterilization |
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drinking water: what you can do at home
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*$ wastes, pollutes
*bottled water *charcoal (activated carbon) *U.V. sterilization *water softner for hard water |
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threats to the safe drinking water act
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*no national testing/standards
*allows violations on some contaminants if polluter cant afford to comply *no requirements to use technology to remove carcinogens *no requirements to notify media in event of emergeny water-health violation |
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dissolved oxygen
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as temp goes up, DO goes down
*cause of low DO: too much BOD wastes, warm temps, stagnant water *effects of low DO: poor fish quality, stink (eutrophication) |
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fecal coliform counts (e coli)
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*causes: raw sewage
*effects: pathogen-> disease |
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pH
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6-8 is good
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biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
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use of oxygen by aerobic rganisms
*indications: too much waste in water |
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temperature
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thermocline- stratification of aquatic environments
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total phosphates
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plant nutrient (fertilizers, detergent)
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nitrates
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plant nutrient (fertilizer) toxic to animals
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turbidity
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cloudiness (silt/clay)
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heavy metals
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sources: copper, lead, mercury, codmium
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harmful physiological effects of heavy metals
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developmental disorders reproductive disorders
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who is at risk (heavy metals)
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developing fetus, young/offspring
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groundwater pollution hazards
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*mining site
*waste lagoon, pond, or basin *road salt *landfill *water pumping well *hazardous waste injection well *bured gasoline and solvent tanks *sewer *cesspool, septic tank |
