Hob Final

Front 1

A

Back 1

Alesandrinus

Front 2

B

Back 2

Vaticanus

Front 3

C

Back 3

Ephaemi

Front 4

D

Back 4

Bezae

Front 5

W

Back 5

Washingtonianus

Front 6

P

Back 6

Papyrus

Front 7

Uncial

Back 7

Curved capital letters

Front 8

Miniscule

Back 8

Small cursive letters

Front 9

Papyrus

Back 9

Durable writing material made from reeds

Front 10

a

Back 10

Sinaticus

Front 11

Lectionaries

Back 11

Liturgical material, mss that are arranged for a particular religious ceremonies

Text arranged for liturgical purposes

Front 12

4 families of manuscripts

Back 12

1. The Alexandrian Text
2. The Byzantine Text
3. The Western Text
4. Caesarean Text

Front 13

Alexandrian Text

Back 13

Arose in Egypt and is considered the most important

Wescott and Hort named in the Neutral Text and thought that Sinaiticus and Vaticanus had preserved a pure form of the Alexandrian type of text

Some important papyrus mss also represent this family

Front 14

Byzantine Text

Back 14

Called so b/c it was adopted in Constantinople and used by the Byzantine world

Produced in Antioch, at the beginning of 4th century (aka Syrian or Antiochene text)

Used almost universally after the 8th cent

Alexandrinus and Ephraemi are the oldest representatives

A great majority of late uncials and minuscules

Front 15

Western Text

Back 15

Closely related to the church in the west, particularly in North Africa, although it can probably be traced to the 2nd cent

Used by early church fathers, not carefully preserved

Front 16

Caesarean Text

Back 16

Widely used in Caesarea from which it derived its name. seems to have arisen out of the Alexandrian text but was also mixed with the Western Text

Value is limited

Front 17

Criteria of Textual Criticism

Back 17

1. The text is to be sought from the most ancient evidence

2. A reading peculiar to a single document is to be considered suspect

3. Obvious scribal error is to be rejected even though well supported in the mss

4. In parallel passages testimonies are to be preferred which are not in precise accordance (Scripture interprets Scripture)

5. That reading is to be preferred which could have given occasion to the others (relationships between readings, the one that started an idea)

6. That reading is to be preferred which accords with the NT Greek

7. Intrinsic Probabilities depend upon considerations of what the author was more likely to have written:

Front 18

Metzger's External Evidence of TC

Back 18

Date of the witness (the older the better)

The geographical distribution of the witness (the wider the better; in relation to use by the early church fathers)

The genealogical relationship of texts and families of witnesses: witnesses are weighed rather than counted (it's about pedigree; Alexandrian family is the most reliable; see handout)

Front 19

Metzger's Internal Evidence of TC

Back 19

In general, the more difficult reading is to be preferred (because clarifications came later)

In general, the shorter reading is to be preferred (later scribes added clarification or opinion, not took away)
· That reading is to be preferred which stands in verbal dissidence with the other

Front 20

Weaknesses of TC

Back 20

Thousands of errors due to speed in which it was produced

Text was edited from only 6 late manuscripts that had missing Scripture (which was then taken from the Vulgate)

No textual authority

Front 21

History of TR

Back 21

Greek miniscule was complicated

A new type of Greek print was invented

Cardinal Ximines created a Greek version of the NT

in 1515 Erasmus began work on his edition and in 1516 it was printed

Front 22

Wycliffe

Back 22

Oxford Theologian

Sola Scriptura (cannot take/add)

Had powerful enemies

His writings were considered heretical

Died of a stroke

His work continued on, with two Bibles being produced: a literal translation and a translation taking the English language/idioms into account

First circulated English Bible thanks to him

Front 23

Tyndale

Back 23

Lived shortly after Wycliff

Oxford

Wanted to make a new, better version of the English Bible based on original languages; he was shot down

Went to Germany and translated the NT

Kidnapped and killed

Bible ended up circulating England. Most new translations are based off his translation

First PRINTER English Bible

Front 24

History of the KJV

Back 24

Wycliffe, Tyndale, Great Bible, Geneva Bible, Bishop's Bible,

Front 25

Coverdale Bible

Back 25

Wanted to finish what Tyndale had started. Translated the OT from the Vulgate. Separated the Apocrypha for the first time

Front 26

The Great Bible

Back 26

First authorized English Bible

Front 27

Geneva Bible

Back 27

Notes in margins, historical and geographical references

Translated by a group and published in 1560

Catholics didn't like a lot of the literal translation (part of the reason why KJ allowed the new translation later)

First Bible with Roman print
First Bible with numbered verses
Maps
Chapter summaries